010-160 Exam Dumps - Linux Essentials Certificate Exam - version 1.6

RPM stands for RPM Package Manager (formerly known as Red Hat Package Manager), which is a powerful, command-line package management tool developed for the Red Hat operating system. It is now used as a core component in many Linux distributions such as CentOS, Fedora, Oracle Linux, openSUSE and Mageia1. RPM can install, uninstall,and query individual software packages, but it cannot manage dependency resolution like YUM2. YUM is another package management tool that is based on RPM and can handle dependencies automatically. YUM is the primary package management tool for installing, updating, removing, and managing software packages in Red Hat Enterprise Linux2. Therefore, the correct answer is B. rpm, as it is the underlying package management tool used in Red Hat-based Linux systems. References:

• Linux package management with YUM and RPM | Enable Sysadmin
• Chapter 13. Package Management Tool Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 | Red Hat Customer Portal
• Difference Between YUM and RPM | 2DayGeek

When a user account is deleted, the files owned by that user are not automatically deleted from the file system, unless they are in the user’s home directory. The files residing outside the home directory will remain unchanged, but they will have an invalid owner. The owner of a file is identified by a numeric user ID (UID), which is mapped to a user name by the /etc/passwd file. When a user is deleted, the corresponding entry in the /etc/passwd file is removed, but the UID of the file is not changed. Therefore, when listing the file’s details, the UID of the former owner is shown instead of the user name. For example, if the user alice with UID 1001 is deleted, and she owns a file named report.txt in the /tmp directory, the output of ls -l /tmp/report.txt will look something like this:

-rw-r–r-- 1 1001 users 1024 Nov 20 14:11 /tmp/report.txt

The user root is not set as the new owner of the file, nor is the file moved to /lost+found or removed from the file system. The /lost+found directory is used to store files that are recovered from a corrupted file system after running the fsck command, not from deleted user accounts. The file system check does not affect the ownership or permissions of the files, unless there is a serious inconsistency that needs to be fixed. References:

• Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI), section 5.2.1
• 5.2 Lesson 1 - Linux Professional Institute Certification Programs, slide 6.

The sort command is used to sort the lines of a file or a stream of input according to a specified criterion, such as alphabetical order, numerical order, reverse order, etc. By default, the sort command sorts the lines in ascending alphabetical order, using the firstcharacter of each line as the key. For example, the command sort data.csv will sort the lines of the file data.csv in alphabetical order and display the output on the screen. If you want to save the sorted output to a new file, you can use the redirection operator (>) to specify the output file name. For example, the command sort data.csv > sorted_data.csv will sort the lines of the file data.csv in alphabetical order and save the output to a new file named sorted_data.csv. The other commands are either invalid or do not perform the sorting operation. The a…z command does not exist, the abc command is a text editor, the wc command counts the number of words, lines, and bytes in a file, and the grep command searches for a pattern in a file or a stream of input. Therefore, the correct answer is B. References:

• Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI), section 2.3.2
• LPI Linux Essentials Study Guide: Exam 010 v1.6, 3rd Edition, chapter 4, page 95.

 A typical shell script is a text file that contains a series of commands or instructions that can be executed by a shell interpreter. A shell script usually has the executable permission bit set, which means that it can be run as a program by the user or another program. A shell script also starts with the two character sequence #!, which is called a shebang or a hashbang. This sequence tells the operating system which shell interpreter to use to run the script. For example, #!/bin/bash indicates that the script should be run by the bash shell. References:

• Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute (LPI) 1
• Linux Essentials - Linux Professional Institute Certification Programs 2

CentOS is a Linux distribution that is based on the source code of Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL). It is a free and open-source community-supported OS that provides an enterprise-level computing platform. CentOS is fully compatible with RHEL and can run the same applications and packages. Therefore, CentOS allows the team members to apply as much of their Red Hat Enterprise Linux knowledge as possible for their hobby project. References:

• Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Objectives1, Topic 1.1: Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems, Subtopic: Linux Distributions
• Linux Essentials Version 1.6 Exam Preparation Guide2, Section 1.1: Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems, Page 7
• CentOS Website3, About CentOS Linux
• Red Hat Enterprise Linux derivatives - Wikipedia4