312-39 Exam Dumps - Certified SOC Analyst (CSA)

In the context of log storage, a circular buffer is a data structure that uses a single, fixed-size buffer as if it were connected end-to-end. This structure lends itself to buffering streams of data, where the data is written to the buffer and read from it in a potentially non-sequential manner. When the buffer is full, new data is written starting at the beginning of the buffer, and thus ‘wraps’ around. This is why the method is referred to as ‘wrapping’. FIFO (First In, First Out) and LIFO (Last In, First Out) are queueing methods, and non-wrapping implies that the buffer does not overwrite existing data when full.

References: The answer can be verified through EC-Council’s SOC Analyst study materials and official courseware, which detail various log storage methods and their characteristics. Additionally, the concept of a circular buffer is a well-known data structure in computer science, often discussed in the context of system design and memory management.

The HTTP status codes that fall within the range of 1XX represent informational messages. These are provisional responses that indicate the initial part of a request has been received and has not yet been rejected by the server. The server is informing the client that it has received the header of the request and the client should continue to send the request body if it has not already done so. These status codes are used to provide an interim response to the client while the server processes the full request.

References: The EC-Council’s Certified SOC Analyst (C|SA) program includes the study of HTTP status codes as part of understanding web server logs and troubleshooting web server issues. The informational responses (1XX status codes) are covered in the curriculum and can be found in the official EC-Council SOC Analyst study guides and courses. The information is also consistent with the standard definitions provided by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in RFC 9110, as well as other reputable sources such as MDN Web Docs1 and Wikipedia2.

SIEM Agents are primarily responsible for the initial stages of data processing within a SIEM system. Their duties include:

• Collecting data: SIEM Agents collect logs and other data from various devices across the network. This is a crucial step as it ensures that all relevant data is gathered for analysis.
• Normalizing data: Once the data is collected, SIEM Agents normalize it, which means they convert different log and data formats into a standardized format. This process is essential for the SIEM’s central engine to analyze and correlate the data effectively.

The responsibilities of SIEM Agents generally do not include correlating data (which is typically done by the central SIEM engine) or visualizing data (which is usually a function of the SIEM’s user interface or reporting tools).

References: The roles and responsibilities of SIEM Agents are outlined in EC-Council’s SOC Analyst course materials and official certification guides. These resources emphasize the importance of data collection and normalization as foundational tasks performed by SIEM Agents in a Security Operations Center (SOC)12.

The HTTPS status code 403 represents a Forbidden Error. This error occurs when the server understands the request but refuses to authorize it. Unlike the Unauthorized Error (401), which suggests that the request might be authorized if the client re-authenticates, the Forbidden Error indicates that re-authenticating will make no difference and access is denied regardless of authentication status.

The Forbidden Error is tied to the application logic, such as insufficient rights to a resource or the server being programmed to deny access to a particular resource to the client. It is not related to the client’s credentials but rather to the permissions set by the server for the requested resource.

References: The EC-Council SOC Analyst course materials and study guides discuss various HTTP status codes as part of understanding web application security and interpreting web logs within a Security Operations Center (SOC) context. The materials explain the meaning of the 403 Forbidden Error and its implications for cybersecurity analysis123.

The attack described is a Directory Traversal Attack. This type of attack occurs when an attacker exploits vulnerabilities in a web application (or a web server’s software) to gain unauthorized access to files and directories that are stored outside of the web root folder. By manipulating variables that reference files with ../ sequences (also known as dot-dot-slash), the attacker can move up the directory hierarchy and access files or directories that should be restricted. This can lead to information disclosure, such as reading sensitive files like /etc/passwd, which contains user password details in Unix-based systems.

In the given URL http://www.terabytes.com/process.php./../../../../etc/passwd , the attacker uses the ../ pattern to navigate up from the current directory where process.php resides, aiming to reach the root directory and then descend into the /etc/ directory to access the passwd file. This is a classic example of a Directory Traversal Attack.

References: The EC-Council’s Certified SOC Analyst course covers various types of cyber attacks, including Directory Traversal Attacks. Specific references to this type of attack can be found in the EC-Council’s official training materials for the Certified SOC Analyst (CSA) program, such as the CSA study guide and related courses that discuss web application vulnerabilities and attacks123.

The role of finalizing strategy, policies, and procedures for a Security Operations Center (SOC) typically falls under the responsibilities of a Chief Information Security Officer (CISO). The CISO is a senior-level executive within an organization who coordinates and manages the overall strategy and defense mechanisms to protect the organization’s information and technology assets. This role involves leadership and strategic decision-making, which includes establishing the SOC’s framework, defining its policies, and overseeing its procedures.

References: The EC-Council provides various resources and guides that outline the roles and responsibilities within a SOC. According to the information available, a Security Analyst, whether Level 1 or Level 2, is primarily responsible for monitoring and analyzing the organization’s security posture on a continuous basis. A Security Engineer focuses on the design and implementation of security systems. In contrast, the CISO role encompasses a broader scope of strategic leadership and management, which aligns with the responsibilities described for John in the scenario12.

To filter the output of the ‘show logging’ command to include entries related to a specific access control list, Peter should use the ‘include’ keyword followed by the access list number. The correct command would be ‘show logging | include 210’. This command will display all log entries that contain the string ‘210’, which is the number of the access control list he wants to monitor.

References: The use of the ‘include’ keyword in Cisco router commands is a standard method for filtering show command outputs to display only lines that contain a specified string or pattern. This is covered in Cisco’s documentation and training materials related to router commands and access control list management12.