312-96 Exam Dumps - Certified Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA

To prevent the Tomcat server from serving index pages in the absence of welcome files, the  configuration for the DefaultServlet needs to be modified. The listings parameter controls whether directory listings are shown. When set to false, it ensures that directory listings are not provided, which includes not serving index pages when welcome files are absent.

Here’s the breakdown of the configuration:

• default: This specifies the name of the servlet.
• org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet: This indicates the servlet class that is being configured.
• : This tag is used to define initialization parameters for the servlet.
• listings: The listings parameter name is used to control the display of directory listings.
• false: Setting this value to false disables the directory listings.
• 1: This indicates the servlet should be loaded at startup.

The correct configuration to solve Oliver’s problem is:

XML

default

org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet

listings

false

1

AI-generated code. Review and use carefully. More info on FAQ.

This configuration will ensure that if a welcome file is not present, the server will not default to serving an index page, thus addressing the security concern.

References:For further details on Tomcat server configuration, please refer to the official Apache Tomcat documentation and configuration guides which provide comprehensive instructions on server setup and security best practices12. These resources are essential for any web server admin like Oliver to configure and secure their Tomcat server effectively.

To ensure that cookies are transmitted securely over an encrypted channel, such as HTTPS, the web.xml file should include the secure attribute set to true within the cookie-config element of the session-config. This is not directly related to the connector element but rather to the session configuration for cookies.

Here’s how it should be configured:

XML

true

true

AI-generated code. Review and use carefully. More info on FAQ.

This configuration ensures that cookies are only sent to the client when a secure channel is used.

References:The information is based on standard practices for securing cookies in Java web applications as per Servlet 3.0 specification and the OWASP guidelines. For more detailed information, you can refer to the EC-Council’s Certified Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA documentation and study guides1234.

To remove the HttpSession object and its values from the client’s system, the developer should use the invalidate() method. This method is called on the HttpSession object itself and marks the session for deletion, removing all its attributes and invalidating the session on the server side. Once a session is invalidated, any new request from the client does not associate with the old session and will typically result in a new session being created if required.

Here’s a step-by-step explanation of how the invalidate() method works:

• The developer retrieves the HttpSession object from the HttpServletRequest object using the getSession() method.
• The developer calls the invalidate() method on the retrieved HttpSession object.
• The server invalidates the session, which means it is no longer recognized and any subsequent requests will not be associated with it.
• All objects bound to the session are removed and available for garbage collection.
• The client’s next request will not have a valid session, and the server will treat it as a new session if necessary.

References:The information provided here is aligned with the EC-Council’s Certified Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA guidelines and best practices for secure session management. For more detailed information, please refer to the EC-Council’s CASE JAVA official study guides and training materials12.

The type of attack depicted in the figure is a session fixation attack. Here’s a step-by-step explanation of how this attack works:

• The attacker creates a new session on a website and obtains a valid session ID.
• The attacker then tricks the user into using this session ID, often by sending a link that includes the session ID as a parameter.
• When the user logs in using this session ID, the attacker, who now knows the session ID, can hijack the session.
• This allows the attacker to impersonate the user and carry out actions on their behalf.

In the context of the image, the steps are as follows:

• The attacker logs into a bank website using his credentials.
• The webserver sets a session ID on the attacker’s machine.
• The attacker logs into the server using the victim’s credentials with the same session ID.
• The attacker sends an email containing a link with a set session ID to the user.
• The user clicks on the link and is redirected to the bank website.
• The user logs into the server using his credentials and the fixed session ID.
• The attacker can then use the same session ID to gain unauthorized access.

References: For more information on session fixation attacks, you can refer to security resources such as OWASP (Open Web Application Security Project) and other cybersecurity publications that discuss common web vulnerabilities and their mitigation strategies.

To enable the Struts validator, you typically need to set the validate attribute to “true” in the Struts configuration file. This is done within the  section of the struts-config.xml file, where you define your form beans and their associated validation rules. Here’s a step-by-step explanation:

• Open the struts-config.xml file.
• Locate the  section.
• For each form bean that requires validation, ensure that the validate attribute is set to “true”.
• Define your validation rules in a separate XML file, typically named Validation.xml.
• Link this validation file with your form bean using the  tags.
• Ensure that the  plug-in is defined in your struts-config.xml file to enable the validation framework.

References: While I can’t provide direct references to the EC-Council’s CASE JAVA courses and study guides, you can refer to the official Struts documentation and community resources for more information on configuring the validator in Struts applications. The official Apache Struts website would be a good starting point.

Spring Security provides built-in protection against session fixation attacks. It does this by invalidating the existing session and creating a new one when a user authenticates. This behavior can be configured using the sessionManagement() method in the Java configuration. The newSession strategy, which is the default, changes the session ID upon authentication to protect against session fixation.

Here’s an example of how it can be configured:

Java

http.sessionManagement()

sessionFixation().migrateSession();

AI-generated code. Review and use carefully. More info on FAQ.

This configuration ensures that a new session is created, and the old one is invalidated when the user logs in, thus providing protection against session fixation attacks.

References:The information provided is based on the standard configuration practices for Spring Security to protect against session fixation attacks. For more detailed information, you can refer to the official Spring Security documentation123 and other authoritative resources on Spring Security session management.

STRIDE is a risk assessment model used to identify and rate threats during the threat modeling process. It stands for Spoofing, Tampering, Repudiation, Information Disclosure, Denial of Service, and Elevation of Privilege. Each element of STRIDE represents a specific type of threat that could potentially affect an application, and it is used to systematically assess the security of an application by identifying possible vulnerabilities that could be exploited by these threats.

References: The EC-Council’s Certified Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA course emphasizes the importance of threat modeling in the software development lifecycle and specifically mentions the use of models like STRIDE to assess and mitigate risks12.

In Tomcat’s server.xml configuration file, the maxPostSize attribute on a  element is used to specify the maximum size of a POST request that can be accepted by the server. Setting this attribute to a specific byte size will limit the size of uploads based on that size. If set to 0, it indicates that there is no limit on the size of the POST request1.

References: The EC-Council’s Certified Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA course includes server configuration and security settings as part of its curriculum, which would cover aspects such as setting upload limits in server configuration files like server.xml for Tomcat1.

The image depicts URLs with modified query parameters, which is indicative of a Parameter Tampering Attack. In this type of attack, an attacker manipulates the parameters exchanged between the client and the server to alter application data, such as user credentials and permissions. This can lead to unauthorized access or other malicious activities.

In the image:

• The first URL has a parameter ‘debit’ changed from one value to another.
• The second URL also shows a change in the ‘debit’ parameter.
• The third and fourth URLs depict changes in ‘status’ parameter values.

These modifications can lead to unauthorized actions being performed on behalf of an authenticated user without their consent.

References:For precise references, please refer directly to EC-Council Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA related courses and study guides, as my capabilities do not include real-time access to external databases or the internet for document retrieval. However, the information provided is based on my training data up to my last update in September 2021.

The vulnerability described allows an attacker to manipulate the query string in the URL to alter the SQL query executed by the server. This is a classic example of a SQL Injection attack, where the attacker inserts or “injects” malicious SQL code into the query, which can lead to unauthorized access to database information. The altered URL http://www.ec-sell.com/products.jsp?val=200 OR '1'='1 is a typical SQL injection payload that forces the SQL query to return all products by making the WHERE clause always true ('1'='1).

To protect against SQL Injection attacks, developers should:

• Use Prepared Statements: These include parameterized queries that separate SQL logic from data, preventing attackers from modifying the SQL query.
• Employ Stored Procedures: They encapsulate the SQL logic on the server side and prevent exposure to SQL injection.
• Validate User Input: Ensure that all user-supplied data is validated for type, length, format, and range.
• Implement Error Handling: Avoid revealing detailed error messages that could give attackers clues about the database structure.

References: The EC-Council’s Certified Application Security Engineer (CASE) Java documentation outlines the importance of secure coding practices to prevent common vulnerabilities like SQL Injection12. Additionally, the training materials cover various defensive programming techniques that are essential for creating secure Java applications, including those that prevent SQL Injection attacks345.

 The account lockout mechanism is designed to prevent brute-force attacks by locking an account after a certain number of failed login attempts. However, this security feature can be abused to perform a Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack. An attacker could deliberately fail the login process multiple times for a legitimate user’s account, causing the account to be locked and preventing the legitimate user from accessing their account. This type of attack exploits the security feature to deny service to legitimate users.

References: The explanation aligns with the security testing guidelines provided by the OWASP Foundation, which discusses the balance required in account lockout mechanisms to protect against unauthorized access while not denying access to authorized users1. Additionally, research papers such as those from Worcester Polytechnic Institute detail how account lockout mechanisms can be exploited to create DoS attacks2. For official EC-Council Application Security Engineer (CASE) JAVA documentation and learning resources, please refer to the EC-Council’s official materials and courses.