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8002 Exam Dumps - PRM Certification - Exam II: Mathematical Foundations of Risk Measurement

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Question # 9

The gradient of a smooth function is

A.

a vector that shows the direction of fastest change of a function

B.

matrix of second partial derivatives of a function

C.

infinite at a maximum point

D.

a matrix containing the function's second partial derivatives

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Question # 10

Which of the following statements are true about Maximum Likelihood Estimation?

(i) MLE can be applied even if the error terms are not i.i.d. normal.

(ii) MLE involves integrating a likelihood function or a log-likelihood function.

(iii) MLE yields parameter estimates that are consistent.

A.

(i) and (ii)

B.

(i) only

C.

(i) and (iii)

D.

(i), (ii), and (iii)

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Question # 11

You are given the following values of a quadratic function f(x): f(0)=0, f(1)=-2, f(2)=-5. On the basis of these data, the derivative f'(0) is …

A.

in the interval ]-2.5,-2[

B.

equal to -2

C.

in the interval ]-2,+∞[

D.

in the interval ]-∞,-2.5]

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Question # 12

Identify the type and common element (that is, common ratio or common difference) of the following sequence: 6, 12, 24

A.

arithmetic sequence, common difference 2

B.

arithmetic sequence, common ratio 2

C.

geometric sequence, common ratio 2

D.

geometric sequence, common ratio 3

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Question # 13

Consider two securities X and Y with the following 5 annual returns:

X: +10%, +3%, -2%, +3%, +5%

Y: +7%, -2%, +3%, -5%, +10%

In this case the sample covariance between the two time series can be calculated as:

A.

0.40729

B.

0.00109

C.

0.00087

D.

0.32583

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Question # 14

A typical leptokurtotic distribution can be described as a distribution that is relative to a normal distribution

A.

peaked and thin at the center and with heavy (fat) tails

B.

peaked and thin at the center and with thin tails

C.

flat and thick at the center and with heavy (fat) tails

D.

flat and thick at the center and with thin tails

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Question # 15

You work for a brokerage firm that charges its client x per share. The volume of trade of a client of type A depends on the per share commission in the following manner. If the commission is x, the client of type A will trade e-ax shares on average each week. What is the optimal commission x that maximizes the income from client A, noting that a is greater than zero?

A.

1

B.

a

C.

42

D.

a2

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Question # 16

A biased coin has a probability of getting heads equal to 0.3. If the coin is tossed 4 times, what is the probability of getting heads at least two times?

A.

0.7367

B.

0.3483

C.

0.2646

D.

None of these

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