C_HANADEV_18 Exam Dumps - SAP Certified Development Associate - SAP HANA 2.0 SPS06

 The UNNEST operator is an SQL Script element that transforms a set of arrays into an intermediate table variable. The UNNEST operator takes one or more array expressions as input and returns a table variable with one or more columns, each corresponding to an array expression. The table variable has as many rows as the maximum length of the input arrays, and the values in each column are taken from the corresponding array elements. If an input array has fewer elements than the maximum length, the missing values are padded with NULLs. The UNNEST operator can be used in the FROM clause of a SELECT statement, or in the INTO clause of a SET statement.

For example, suppose you have two arrays A and B, where A = [1, 2, 3] and B = [4, 5]. You can use the UNNEST operator to transform them into a table variable T as follows:

SET T = UNNEST (A, B);

The result is:

Table

A

B

1

4

2

5

3

NULL

You can also use the UNNEST operator to transform an array of complex types, such as structs or tables, into a table variable with multiple columns. For example, suppose you have an array C of struct type, where C = [{x: 1, y: 2}, {x: 3, y: 4}]. You can use the UNNEST operator to transform it into a table variable U as follows:

SET U = UNNEST (C.x, C.y);

The result is:

Table

C.x

C.y

1

2

3

4

The following SQL Script elements are not used to transform a set of arrays into an intermediate table variable, but for other purposes:

• OSET: This is a data type that represents an ordered set, which is a collection of distinct values that preserves the order of insertion. OSETs can be used to store and manipulate ordered data, such as ranking or sorting results. OSETs can be created by using the OSET constructor or the OSET_AGG aggregate function.
• ARRAY: This is a data type that represents an array, which is a collection of values that can have duplicates and are accessed by their position. Arrays can be used to store and manipulate complex or multi-dimensional data, such as matrices or tensors. Arrays can be created by using the ARRAY constructor or the ARRAY_AGG aggregate function.
• UNSET: This is not a valid SQL Script element, but a possible typo for UNNEST.

References:

• [SAP HANA Platform Documentation], SAP HANA SQL and System Views Reference, Chapter 2: SQL Data Types and Literals, Section 2.2: Collection Types, Subsection 2.2.2: Array Type, pp. 36-38.
• [SAP HANA Platform Documentation], SAP HANA SQL and System Views Reference, Chapter 2: SQL Data Types and Literals, Section 2.2: Collection Types, Subsection 2.2.3: Ordered Set Type, pp. 38-40.
• [SAP HANA Platform Documentation], SAP HANA SQL and System Views Reference, Chapter 3: SQL Expressions, Section 3.6: Collection Expressions, Subsection 3.6.2: UNNEST Operator, pp. 69-70.

 Filter expressions can be used in a calculation view to restrict or modify the data that is displayed or processed by the view. Filter expressions can be used in the following nodes of a calculation view12:

• Aggregation: An aggregation node is a node that applies aggregation functions, such as sum, count, or average, to the data that is passed from the previous node. Filter expressions can be used in an aggregation node to filter the data before or after the aggregation, or to define the aggregation level or the measure attributes. For example, you can use a filter expression to show only the sales data for a specific region or product category, or to calculate the average revenue per customer.
• Union: A union node is a node that combines the data from two or more nodes that have the same structure and data types. Filter expressions can be used in a union node to filter the data from each input node, or to filter the data from the output node. For example, you can use a filter expression to exclude the duplicate rows from the union result, or to show only the data that matches a certain condition from each input node.

The other options are not correct because filter expressions cannot be used in these nodes of a calculation view. A star join node is a node that joins a fact table with one or more dimension tables, based on the common key attributes. A star join node does not support filter expressions, but it supports input parameters, which are variables that can be used to filter the data at runtime. A rank node is a node that ranks the data according to a specified order and criteria. A rank node does not support filter expressions, but it supports rank filters, which are conditions that can be used to limit the number or percentage of rows in the rank result. References:

• SAP HANA Platform, SAP HANA Modeling Guide for SAP HANA Web Workbench, Calculation Views
• SAP HANA Platform, SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA Web IDE, Developing Database Modules, Developing Calculation Views, Using Filter Expressions

The correct action is to define a User Details view using select on the user entity and using the association to read the address information. This way, you can leverage the power of CDS associations to create a join between the user and address entities without explicitly specifying the join condition. You can also use the association path to access the address fields in the view definition. This approach simplifies the data model and avoids redundancy. Option A is incorrect because it selects from the address entity instead of the user entity, which is not the desired output. Option B is incorrect because it extends the user entity with address columns, which is unnecessary and violates the normalization principle. Option D is incorrect because it creates a calculation view instead of a CDS view, which is not the requirement. Calculation views are graphical or scripted views that can be used for complex calculations and data transformations, but they are not CDS artifacts. References:

• SAP HANA 2.0 SPS06 - Application Development for SAP HANA1, Section 2.2.2, p. 32-33
• SAP HANA 2.0 SPS06 - Core Data Services for SAP HANA2, Section 2.3, p. 25-26
• SAP HANA 2.0 SPS06 - Calculation View Modeling3, Section 1.1, p. 7

Dynamic SQL allows you to construct and execute SQL statements at run time, using variables and expressions that may not be supported in SQLScript. However, it also has some drawbacks, such as:

• Limited opportunities for optimization: The SQL statement is potentially recompiled every time it is executed, which may affect the performance and resource consumption. The optimizer cannot use static information, such as data types, cardinalities, or indexes, to generate an optimal execution plan. The statement may also bypass the SQL cache, which stores the results of frequently executed queries for faster retrieval.
• Additional SQL execution privileges are required: The user who executes the dynamic SQL statement must have the necessary privileges to access the objects and operations referenced in the statement. This may pose a security risk, as the user may gain access to sensitive data or perform unauthorized actions. To prevent SQL injection attacks, the dynamic SQL statement should be validated and sanitized before execution.

The other options are incorrect, because:

• It is possible to bind the result of a dynamic SQL statement to a SQLScript variable, using the INTO clause of the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement. For example, EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM "TABLE"' INTO lv_count;
• It is possible to use SQLScript variables in a dynamic SQL statement, using the USING clause of the EXECUTE IMMEDIATE statement. For example, EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'SELECT * FROM "TABLE" WHERE "COLUMN" = ?' USING lv_value;

References: SAP HANA Developer Guide, Chapter 6, Section 6.4.2, page 2111.

To prevent changes to existing line items of the sap.test::myTable table, you can use the OData service that specifies the update authorization as no-authorization for the table. This means that the OData service does not allow any update operations on the table, such as PUT, PATCH, or MERGE. The option A shows the code snippet that defines the OData service with this restriction. The other options do not have the update no-authorization clause for the table, and therefore, they do not prevent changes to the existing line items. References: OData Service Authorization, OData Security Considerations.

According to the SAP HANA Developer Guide, you use the pull operation to synchronize all unsynchronized changes of the remote Git branch with a local Git branch. The pull operation fetches the changes from the remote branch and merges them with the local branch. This way, you can update your local branch with the latest changes from the remote branch. The other options are incorrect, because:

• Push is the opposite of pull. It sends the changes from the local branch to the remote branch, not the other way around.
• Rebase is an alternative to merge. It rewrites the history of the local branch by applying the changes from the remote branch as new commits on top of the local branch. This creates a linear history, but it may cause conflicts or lose some information.
• Reset is a way to undo changes in the local branch. It moves the branch pointer to a different commit, and optionally discards the changes in the working directory or the staging area.

References: SAP HANA Developer Guide, Chapter 6, Section 6.4.2, page 2111.

To run an SQL statement against the SAP HANA database from a Node.js application, you need to use the @sap/hdbext module. This module provides a wrapper for the SAP HANA client for Node.js, which enables you to connect to the SAP HANA database and execute SQL statements. You can use this module to create a database connection pool, execute queries, fetch results, and handle errors. The other options are not correct because:

• A. @sap/hdi: This module provides functions to interact with the SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure (HDI), which enables you to create and manage database artifacts, such as tables, views, procedures, and functions, using the HDI container service. You can use this module to deploy, undeploy, and access HDI containers, but not to run SQL statements against the SAP HANA database.
• B. @sap/xsenv: This module provides functions to load service configuration and credentials from the environment variables of the SAP Cloud Platform or the SAP HANA XS Advanced Model. You can use this module to access the SAP HANA database service information, such as host, port, user, password, and schema, but not to run SQL statements against the SAP HANA database.
• C. @sap/xssec: This module provides functions to handle authentication and authorization for Node.js applications using the User Account and Authentication (UAA) service and the XSUAA service. You can use this module to verify JWT tokens, check scopes, and obtain user information, but not to run SQL statements against the SAP HANA database.

References:

• SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA Web IDE, Chapter 5, Section 5.3
• SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA Web IDE, Chapter 5, Section 5.4
• SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA Web IDE, Chapter 5, Section 5.5
• SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA Web IDE, Chapter 5, Section 5.6

According to the SAP HANA Performance Guide for Developers1, the SQL Analyzer tool can help you understand and analyze the execution plan of a SQL statement, and identify potential bottlenecks and optimizations. Some of the possible optimizations are:

• Modify SQL hints: SQL hints are directives that you can add to a SQL statement to influence the behavior of the SQL optimizer. For example, you can use hints to specify a join type, a join order, a join condition, a table distribution, or a parallel degree. SQL hints can help you improve the performance of a query by overriding the default choices of the optimizer, or by providing additional information that the optimizer cannot infer from the data or statistics. However, SQL hints should be used with caution, as they can also have negative effects if they are not compatible with the data characteristics or the system configuration. Therefore, you should always test the impact of SQL hints on the query execution time and resource consumption, and compare the results with the original query without hints. You can use the SQL Analyzer tool to view the effect of SQL hints on the execution plan, and modify them accordingly. For more information on SQL hints, see [SAP HANA SQL and System Views Reference].
• Change the data model: The data model is the logical representation of the data and the relationships among them. The data model can have a significant impact on the performance of a query, as it determines how the data is stored, accessed, and processed by the database. A well-designed data model can reduce the complexity and cost of a query, and enable the use of efficient operators and algorithms. On the other hand, a poorly-designed data model can lead to redundant or inconsistent data, unnecessary joins or aggregations, or suboptimal access paths. Therefore, you should always review the data model and consider changing it if it does not meet the requirements of the query or the application. For example, you can use different types of views, such as calculation views, analytical views, or attribute views, to model the data according to the business logic and the analytical needs. You can also use different types of tables, such as column tables, row tables, or partitioned tables, to store the data according to the access patterns and the distribution strategies. You can use the SQL Analyzer tool to view the data model of the query, and identify the possible changes that can improve the performance. For more information on data modeling, see [SAP HANA Modeling Guide].

References: 1: SAP HANA Performance Guide for Developers : SAP HANA SQL and System Views Reference : SAP HANA Modeling Guide

To create a native SAP HANA application that fully leverages the SAP HANA platform, you should implement data-intensive calculations on the database layer, using SQLScript or calculation views. SQLScript is a scripting language that allows you to write stored procedures, functions, and triggers that perform complex calculations and data transformations on the SAP HANA database. Calculation views are graphical or scripted views that define data models based on tables, views, or other calculation views, and apply filters, joins, aggregations, and other operations on the data. By pushing the calculations onto the database layer, you can take advantage of the in-memory processing, parallelization, and optimization capabilities of SAP HANA, and reduce the data transfer and network latency between the application layer and the database layer123.

The other options are not correct because they do not fully leverage the SAP HANA platform, and they may result in poor performance, high resource consumption, and increased complexity. Pushing the calculations onto the application layer means that you use a programming language, such as Java or Node.js, to perform the calculations on the application server, which may not be as efficient or scalable as the database server. Pushing the calculations onto the presentation layer means that you use a UI framework, such as SAPUI5 or SAP Fiori, to perform the calculations on the client device, such as a browser or a mobile device, which may not have enough processing power or memory to handle large or complex data sets. Distributing the calculations between the application layer and the presentation layer means that you split the calculations into different parts and execute them on different layers, which may introduce inconsistency, redundancy, and dependency issues. References:

• SAP HANA Platform, SAP HANA SQL and System Views Reference, SQLScript Guide
• SAP HANA Platform, SAP HANA Modeling Guide for SAP HANA Web Workbench, Calculation Views
• SAP HANA Platform, Developing Applications with SAP HANA Cloud Platform, Developing Multi-Target Applications, Developing Database Modules

To access a remote database table object within your HDB module in a Multi-target application project, you need to perform the following activities:

• Create/update the .hdbgrants file providing authorizations for the remote schema. This file defines the privileges that are granted to the HDI container technical users for accessing the remote schema. You need to specify the user-provided service name, the schema name, and the privileges, such as SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, EXECUTE, etc. You can also use the wildcard character (*) to grant privileges on all objects in the remote schema.
• Create a synonym for the remote table object. A synonym is a database object that provides an alternative name for another database object, such as a table, view, or procedure. You can use synonyms to simplify the access to remote objects by avoiding the need to specify the full qualified name. You can create a synonym in your HDB module by using the .hdbsynonym file, where you specify the target object name, the target object schema, and the user-provided service name.
• Create a view that refers to the table. A view is a database object that defines a logical table based on the result set of a SQL query. You can use views to access data from one or more tables, including remote tables, by applying filters, joins, aggregations, calculations, etc. You can create a view in your HDB module by using the .hdbview file, where you specify the SQL query that references the synonym of the remote table object.

The other options are incorrect because you do not need to create a view that refers to a synonym, nor create a synonym that refers to a view. These are redundant steps that do not add any value to the access of the remote table object. References:

• Accessing Remote Data - SAP Help Portal
• Granting Privileges on Remote Schemas - SAP Help Portal
• Creating Synonyms - SAP Help Portal
• Creating Views - SAP Help Portal

 To specify the target currency for currency conversion in calculation views, you can use one of the following methods:

• In a column: You can associate the measure with an attribute column that contains the target currency code. For example, if you have a table that stores the sales amount and the currency code for each transaction, you can use the currency code column as the target currency for the sales amount measure.
• With an input parameter: You can create an input parameter that allows the user to select or enter the target currency code at runtime. For example, if you want to display the sales amount in different currencies based on the user’s preference, you can use an input parameter as the target currency for the sales amount measure.
• With a fixed value: You can associate the measure with a fixed currency code that is available in the currency table. For example, if you want to display the sales amount in a single currency, such as USD, you can use a fixed value as the target currency for the sales amount measure. References: Associate Measures with Currency, How to perform Currency Conversion in SAP HANA, Implementing Currency Conversion.

An HTML5 module is a module that contains static web content, such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, or images, that are delivered by a web server. An HTML5 module can be part of a multi-target application (MTA) project, which is a single application that consists of multiple modules that are developed using different technologies and designed to run on different target runtime environments. An HTML5 module can be deployed to the XS Advanced runtime environment, which is a platform that supports the development and execution of cloud-native applications on SAP HANA.

To change the file that is initially delivered by an HTML5 module, you need to adapt the welcome file parameter of the xs-app.json file. The xs-app.json file is a configuration file that defines the routing rules and authentication settings for the HTML5 module. The welcome file parameter specifies the name of the file that is served as the default document when the root path of the HTML5 module is requested. For example, if the welcome file parameter is set to “index.html”, then the file index.html in the HTML5 module will be delivered when the user accesses the URL of the HTML5 module without any additional path. The welcome file parameter can be changed to any valid file name that exists in the HTML5 module.

The other options are incorrect because they are not parameters that can be used to change the file that is initially delivered by an HTML5 module. The service_url parameter of the mta.xml file is a parameter that defines the URL of a service that is required by a module or provided by a resource in an MTA project. The start parameter of the package.json file is a parameter that defines the script that is executed when the npm start command is run in a Node.js module. The runners parameter of the project.json file is a parameter that defines the configuration of the runners that are used to execute the code in a Cloud Foundry module. References:

• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 1.1
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 1.3
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.1
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.2
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.3
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.4
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.5
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.6
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.7
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.8
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: Developing Multitarget Applications, Section 2.9

You can grant a role to another role or to a user in SAP HANA. A role is a collection of privileges that can be assigned to users or other roles to authorize them to perform certain tasks or access certain objects in the database. A user is an individual account that can log on to the database and execute SQL statements. By granting a role to another role, you can create a hierarchy of roles that inherit the privileges of their parent roles. By granting a role to a user, you can assign the user the privileges of that role. You can use the GRANT statement or the SAP HANA cockpit to grant roles to roles or users. The other options are incorrect because you cannot grant a role to an object or a privilege. An object is a database entity, such as a table, view, procedure, etc., that can be accessed or manipulated by users or roles with the appropriate privileges. A privilege is a permission to perform a specific action or access a specific object in the database. You can grant privileges to users or roles, but not to roles or objects. References:

• Roles and Privileges - SAP Help Portal
• Users and Roles - SAP Help Portal
• GRANT Statement (Roles) - SAP Help Portal
• [Granting Roles to Users and Roles] - SAP Help Portal

To debug a Node.js application using SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, you need to perform the following steps:

• Open the debugger. You can open the debugger from the toolbar by clicking the \uE921 (debugger) icon, or from the menu by choosing Tools Debugger . The debugger opens in a new browser tab and shows a list of all Node.js modules in your project, as well as the available debug configurations.
• Attach the debugger to the node module. You can attach the debugger to any running Node.js module in your project by selecting the module name and clicking the \uE921 (attach) icon. Alternatively, you can create a new debug configuration for the module by clicking the \uE921 (create) icon and specifying the module name, the port number, and the source mapping. The debugger will connect to the Node.js module and switch it to debug mode.
• Set a breakpoint in the application. You can set a breakpoint in the application code by opening the file in the editor and clicking the left margin next to the line number where you want to pause the execution. A red dot will appear to indicate the breakpoint. You can also use the \uE921 (breakpoints) pane to view, enable, disable, or remove breakpoints.
• Run the application. You can run the application from the browser by clicking the application URL in the run console, or from the command line by using the cf CLI commands. The application will execute until it reaches a breakpoint or an exception, and then pause and show the current state of the variables, call stack, and watch expressions in the debugger.
• Debug the application. You can use the debugger to inspect and modify the variables, evaluate expressions, step over, step into, step out, or resume the execution, as well as view the console output and the server log. You can also detach the debugger from the module by clicking the \uE921 (detach) icon, or stop the module by clicking the \uE921 (stop) icon.

The other option is incorrect because you do not need to specify the proper Git repository in the debug properties. The Git repository is used to manage the source code of the application, but it is not relevant for the debugging process. You also do not need to build the application with the debug option, because the debugger can attach to any running Node.js module without any special build settings. References:

• Running and Testing Node.js Modules - SAP Help Portal
• Debugging Node.js Modules - SAP Help Portal

According to the SAP HANA Developer Guide, a multi join is a join that can be defined only with multi-column join in calculation views. A multi join allows you to join multiple data sources using multiple join conditions. You can specify the join type, the join cardinality, and the join columns for each pair of data sources. A multi join is useful when you need to join data sources that have complex relationships or different granularities. The other options are incorrect, because:

• A dynamic join is a join that can be defined with either single-column join or multi-column join in calculation views. A dynamic join allows you to join two data sources using a join condition that is evaluated at run time based on the user input. You can specify the join type, the join cardinality, and the join columns as parameters or variables.
• A text join is a join that can be defined with either single-column join or multi-column join in calculation views. A text join allows you to join a data source with a text table that contains language-dependent descriptions of the data. You can specify the join type, the join cardinality, and the join columns as well as the language column and the language code.
• A temporal join is a join that can be defined with either single-column join or multi-column join in calculation views. A temporal join allows you to join a data source with a history table that contains time-dependent versions of the data. You can specify the join type, the join cardinality, and the join columns as well as the validity columns and the validity period.

References: SAP HANA Developer Guide, Chapter 6, Section 6.4.2, page 2111.

You can use Commit and Rollback statements in SQL Script procedures to control the transactional behavior of your code. Commit and Rollback statements allow you to commit or undo the changes made by the SQL statements within the procedure. You can also use them in exception handlers to handle errors and ensure data consistency. You cannot use Commit and Rollback statements in scalar user-defined functions, table user-defined functions, or scripted calculation views, as they are not allowed to have any side effects on the database. References: COMMIT and ROLLBACK, SQLScript Procedures, [SQLScript Functions].

 In application development with XS advanced, the following entities belong to a specific SPACE: Applications and Processes. A SPACE is a logical grouping of applications and processes that share a common purpose and resources. A SPACE can have one or more applications and processes deployed to it, and each application and process can have one or more instances running in the SPACE. A SPACE can also have its own quota, services, routes, and security settings12.

The other two options, Organizations and Users, are not entities that belong to a specific SPACE. An Organization is a logical grouping of SPACES that share a common owner and billing account. An Organization can have one or more SPACES, but a SPACE can only belong to one Organization. An Organization can also have its own quota, roles, and users12. A User is an entity that represents a person or a system that can access the XS advanced platform and perform actions based on the assigned roles and privileges. A User can belong to one or more Organizations and SPACES, and can have different roles and permissions in each of them34. References: 1: SAP HANA XS Advanced Development (New and Changed) | SAP Help Portal 2: SAP HANA XS Advanced, explore the basic tools | SAP 3: XS Advanced User Management | SAP Help Portal 4: Maintaining Platform Users in XS Advanced | SAP Help Portal

 The application descriptor file (xs-app.json) is a JSON file that defines the routing and authentication configuration for an HTML5 module in a multi-target application (MTA) project. It is located in the root folder of the HTML5 module and is used by the managed application router to dispatch requests to the appropriate destinations and to authenticate users. Some of the key words that are contained in the xs-app.json file are:

• routes: This is an array of objects that specify the rules for forwarding requests to the back-end microservices or destinations. Each route object has a source property that defines a regular expression to match the request path, and a destination property that defines the name of the destination to which the request should be forwarded. Optionally, a route object can also have other properties, such as authentication, csrfProtection, service, or scope, to further configure the routing behavior.
• authenticationMethod: This is a property that defines the authentication method to be used for the HTML5 module. It can have one of the following values: route, which means that the authentication method is defined by the route configuration; none, which means that no authentication is required; or approuter, which means that the authentication is delegated to the approuter service. The authenticationMethod property can be set at the global level for the entire HTML5 module, or at the route level for a specific route.

The following key words are not contained in the xs-app.json file, but in other files related to the MTA project:

• role-templates: This is an array of objects that define the roles and their corresponding scopes and attributes for the application. The role-templates are defined in the xs-security.json file, which is the application security descriptor file that specifies the security configuration for the application. The xs-security.json file is located in the root folder of the db module and is used by the User Account and Authentication (UAA) service to manage the authorization and trust management for the application.
• tenant-mode: This is a property that defines the tenant mode for the application. It can have one of the following values: dedicated, which means that the application runs in a dedicated schema for each tenant; shared, which means that the application runs in a shared schema for all tenants; or mixed, which means that the application runs in a mixed mode depending on the tenant context. The tenant-mode property is defined in the mta.yaml file, which is the deployment descriptor file that specifies the metadata and dependencies for the MTA project. The mta.yaml file is located in the root folder of the MTA project and is used by the Cloud Foundry environment to deploy the application.

References:

• [SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure Reference], Chapter 5: HDI with XS Advanced, Section 5.1: Developing with the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, Subsection 5.1.2: Configure Application Routing (xs-app.json), pp. 101-104.
• [SAP HANA Platform Documentation], SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA XS Advanced Model, Chapter 4: Developing HTML5 Applications, Section 4.1: Developing HTML5 Applications Using SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, Subsection 4.1.3: Configure Application Routing (xs-app.json), pp. 77-80.

 To create a graphical representation of an individual SQL statement, you can use the Plan trace. The Plan trace is a tool that allows you to generate and visualize the execution plan of an SQL statement, with estimated or actual performance information for each operator. The Plan trace can help you understand and analyze the query optimization and execution process, and identify potential performance bottlenecks or improvement opportunities12.

The other options, Expensive statements trace, Performance trace, and SQL trace, are not tools that can create a graphical representation of an individual SQL statement. The Expensive statements trace is a tool that records the SQL statements that exceed a certain threshold of resource consumption, such as CPU time, memory, or disk reads. The Expensive statements trace can help you identify the most resource-intensive queries in the system, but it does not provide a graphical view of the execution plan3. The Performance trace is a tool that records the performance statistics of the database operations, such as SQL statements, transactions, procedures, or triggers. The Performance trace can help you measure and compare the performance of different database operations, but it does not provide a graphical view of the execution plan either. The SQL trace is a tool that captures every SQL statement that enters the database at the session layer. The SQL trace can help you monitor and troubleshoot the SQL statements that are executed in the database, but it does not provide a graphical view of the execution plan either. References: 1: Plan Trace | SAP Help Portal 2: Analyzing SQL Execution with the Plan Visualizer | SAP Help Portal 3: Expensive Statements Trace | SAP Help Portal : [Performance Trace | SAP Help Portal] : [SQL Trace | SAP Help Portal]

The SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA is a web-based development tool that allows you to create and manage multi-target applications (MTAs) that use the SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure (HDI). The SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA is itself an XS advanced application that runs on the XS advanced runtime and can be accessed via a URL. To retrieve the URL for the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, you can use the following XS advanced tools:

• XS advanced Controller Start Screen: This is a web-based tool that provides an overview of the XS advanced environment and the available applications and services. You can access the XS advanced Controller Start Screen by opening the URL https://:330/ in a browser, where is the host name of your SAP HANA system and is the instance number of your SAP HANA system. From the XS advanced Controller Start Screen, you can see the list of applications and their URLs under the Applications tab. You can find the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA application by its name (webide) and click on its URL to open it in a new tab.
• XS Advanced command-line client tool: This is a command-line tool that allows you to perform various operations on the XS advanced environment and the applications and services. You can access the XS Advanced command-line client tool by opening a terminal and entering the command xs. To retrieve the URL for the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, you need to first log in to the XS advanced environment by entering the command xs login and providing your credentials. Then, you need to switch to the SAP space by entering the command xs target -s SAP, where the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA application is deployed. Finally, you need to list the applications and their URLs by entering the command xs apps. You can find the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA application by its name (webide) and copy its URL to open it in a browser.

The following tools are not used to retrieve the URL for the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, but for other purposes:

• Runtime tool: This is a web-based tool that allows you to monitor and manage the runtime components of the XS advanced environment, such as applications, services, processes, and logs. You can access the Runtime tool by opening the URL https://:332/ in a browser, where is the host name of your SAP HANA system and is the instance number of your SAP HANA system. From the Runtime tool, you can see the status and details of the applications and services, but not their URLs.
• Organization and Space Management tool: This is a web-based tool that allows you to create and manage the organizational units of the XS advanced environment, such as organizations and spaces. You can access the Organization and Space Management tool by opening the URL https://:331/ in a browser, where is the host name of your SAP HANA system and is the instance number of your SAP HANA system. From the Organization and Space Management tool, you can see the list of organizations and spaces and their quotas and roles, but not the applications and their URLs.

References:

• [SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure Reference], Chapter 5: HDI with XS Advanced, Section 5.1: Developing with the SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, Subsection 5.1.1: Create a Project, p. 101.
• [SAP HANA Platform Documentation], SAP HANA Developer Guide for SAP HANA XS Advanced Model, Chapter 2: Getting Started with SAP Web IDE for SAP HANA, Section 2.1: Creating a Project, p. 17.

According to the SAP HANA Developer Guide, the SAP HANA Deployment Infrastructure (HDI) uses so-called containers to store design-time artifacts and the corresponding deployed run-time (catalog) objects. The HDI makes a strict separation between design-time and run-time objects by introducing the following, distinct container types:

• Design-time container (DTC): A Git repository that stores the design-time artifacts, such as CDS files, SQL files, or HDB files, that define the database objects in the persistence model. The DTC is part of the database module of the multi-target application (MTA).
• Run-time container (RTC): A schema in the SAP HANA database that stores the run-time objects, such as tables, views, or procedures, that are created based on the design-time artifacts. The RTC is also known as the HDI container.
• Build container (BTC): A temporary schema in the SAP HANA database that is used to build the run-time objects from the design-time artifacts. The BTC is deleted after the build process is completed.

When you define a database object in the persistence model, you create a design-time artifact in the DTC. When you deploy the database module of the MTA, the HDI creates an RTC and a BTC, and builds the corresponding run-time object in the RTC based on the design-time artifact. The BTC is then dropped, and the RTC remains as the HDI container for the database module. References: SAP HANA Developer Guide, Chapter 6, Section 6.4.2, page 2111.

The mta.xml file is the main descriptor file for a multi-target application (MTA). It defines the application global elements, such as ID, version, provider, and schema version. It also defines the modules, which are the components of the application that provide specific functionality, such as a database module, a Node.js module, or an HTML5 module. Each module has a name, a type, a path, and a list of required dependencies. The mta.xml file also defines the resources, which are the shared services or configurations that the modules can consume, such as a user-provided service, an SAP HANA database, or an SAP HANA HDI container. Each resource has a name, a type, and optional parameters. The mta.xml file also defines the properties and parameters, which are the key-value pairs that can be used to configure the modules and resources, such as the host, port, or credentials. The properties and parameters can be defined globally, per module, or per resource12.

The other options are not correct because they are not part of the mta.xml file, but rather of other files or components of the MTA. The plugin name and version for every supported file suffix are defined in the .che file, which is the configuration file for the SAP Web IDE3. The application router description with the authentication methods and access routes are defined in the xs-app.json file, which is the configuration file for the application router, a Node.js module that provides a single entry point and routing mechanism for the MTA. The Node.js package definition with dependencies and initial run configurations are defined in the package.json file, which is the configuration file for the Node.js module that contains the application logic and business services. References:

• SAP HANA Platform, Developing Applications with SAP HANA Cloud Platform, Developing Multi-Target Applications
• SAP HANA Platform, SAP HANA Extended Application Services, Advanced Model, Developing and Deploying Applications, Descriptor Files, mta.xml
• SAP HANA Platform, Developing Applications with SAP HANA Cloud Platform, Developing Multi-Target Applications, Descriptor Files, .che
• [SAP HANA Platform], SAP HANA Extended Application Services, Advanced Model, Developing and Deploying Applications, Descriptor Files, xs-app.json
• [SAP HANA Platform], SAP HANA Extended Application Services, Advanced Model, Developing and Deploying Applications, Descriptor Files, package.json

OData associations are used to define the relationships between two or more entity types in an OData service. Associations can be simple or complex, depending on whether the relationship information is stored in one of the participating entities or in a separate association table. Associations are composed of two ends, each of which has a role name, a multiplicity, and a set of properties that form the referential constraint. The keywords that are used to define an OData association are:

• DEPENDENT: This keyword is used to specify the role name of the dependent end of the association, which is the entity type that contains the foreign key properties that refer to the principal entity type. For example, in the association Customer_Orders, the entity type Orders is the dependent end, as it contains the property CustomerID that refers to the entity type Customers.
• MULTIPLICITY: This keyword is used to specify the cardinality of each end of the association, which indicates how many instances of one entity type can be related to one instance of another entity type. The possible values for multiplicity are: 0…1 (zero or one), 1 (exactly one), or * (many). For example, in the association Customer_Orders, the multiplicity of the principal end Customers is 1, meaning that each customer can have only one instance, and the multiplicity of the dependent end Orders is *, meaning that each customer can have many orders.
• PRINCIPAL: This keyword is used to specify the role name of the principal end of the association, which is the entity type that is referenced by the foreign key properties of the dependent entity type. For example, in the association Customer_Orders, the entity type Customers is the principal end, as it is referenced by the property CustomerID of the entity type Orders.

The following keywords are not used to define an OData association, but for other purposes:

• JOIN: This keyword is used to specify the join condition between two entity sets in a query expression, which is used to retrieve data from multiple sources. For example, the query expression Customers?$expand=Orders($filter=Status eq ‘Open’) uses a join condition to filter the orders that have the status ‘Open’ for each customer.
• UNION: This keyword is used to specify the union operation between two query expressions, which is used to combine the results of both queries into one result set. For example, the query expression Customers?$filter=Country eq ‘US’ union Customers?$filter=Country eq ‘CA’ uses a union operation to get the customers that are from either the US or Canada.

An OData service is a web service that exposes data from a data source, such as a SAP HANA database, in a standardized and interoperable format. An OData service consists of one or more entity sets, which are collections of entities of the same type. An entity is a data object that has properties and a unique key. An OData service can also define associations between entity sets, which are relationships that specify how entities are related to each other. For example, an association can define a one-to-many or a many-to-many relationship between two entity sets. Associations enable an OData service to combine data from different database tables within the same service. For example, an OData service can define an association between a Products entity set and a Categories entity set, where each product belongs to one category and each category can have multiple products. This association can be used to query or update data from both entity sets in a single request.

The other options are incorrect because they are not capabilities that can be used to combine data from different database tables within an OData service. Aggregations are operations that summarize or group data, such as count, sum, average, or min/max. Projections are operations that select or filter data, such as select, expand, or filter. Entity sets are collections of entities of the same type, but they do not define relationships between entities. References:

• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: OData V4 Developer Guide, Section 2.1
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: OData V4 Developer Guide, Section 2.3
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: OData V4 Developer Guide, Section 2.4
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: OData V4 Developer Guide, Section 2.5
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: OData V4 Developer Guide, Section 2.6

An OData V2 service is a web service that exposes data from a data source, such as a SAP HANA database, in a standardized and interoperable format based on the OData protocol version 2.0. An OData V2 service consists of one or more entity sets, which are collections of entities of the same type. An entity is a data object that has properties and a unique key. An OData V2 service can also define associations between entity sets, which are relationships that specify how entities are related to each other. An OData V2 service can also define function imports, which are operations that can be invoked by the client to perform specific tasks.

An OData V2 service exposes a data model that describes the structure and semantics of the data and the operations that are supported by the service. The data model is represented in an XML document that conforms to the OData Metadata XML Schema. The data model contains information such as the entity types, the entity sets, the associations, the function imports, the namespaces, the annotations, and the service document.

To view the data model exposed by an OData V2 service, you need to append the $metadata system query option to the service URL. The $metadata system query option requests the metadata document of the service. For example, if the service URL is http://services.odata.org/V2/Northwind/Northwind.svc, then the metadata document URL is http://services.odata.org/V2/Northwind/Northwind.svc/$metadata. The metadata document URL can be accessed by any HTTP client, such as a web browser, and it returns the XML representation of the data model.

The other options are incorrect because they are not system query options that can be used to view the data model exposed by an OData V2 service. $schema is not a valid system query option in OData V2. $service definition is a system query option in OData V4, not OData V2, and it requests the service definition document, which is a JSON document that describes the capabilities and annotations of the service. $format is a system query option that can be used to specify the desired format of the response, such as XML or JSON, but it does not request the data model of the service. References:

• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: OData V2 Developer Guide, Section 1.1
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: OData V2 Developer Guide, Section 2.1
• SAP HANA Platform 2.0 SPS06: OData V2 Developer Guide, Section 2.6
• OData Version 2.0: Part 1 - Protocol, Section 2.2.6
• OData Version 2.0: Part 3 - CSDL, Section 1