CDPSE Exam Dumps - Certified Data Privacy Solutions Engineer

The best way to safeguard the encryption keys is to ensure that they are stored in a cryptographic vault. A cryptographic vault is a secure hardware or software module that provides cryptographic services and protects the keys from unauthorized access, modification, or disclosure. A cryptographic vault can also provide other functions, such as key generation, key backup, key rotation, key destruction, and key auditing. A cryptographic vault can enhance the security and privacy of the encrypted data by preventing key compromise, leakage, or misuse. A cryptographic vault can also comply with the security standards and best practices for key management, such as the ISO/IEC 27002, NIST SP 800-57, or PCI DSS. References:

• [ISACA Glossary of Terms]
• [ISACA CDPSE Review Manual, Chapter 3, Section 3.3.3]
• [ISACA Journal, Volume 4, 2019, “Key Management in the Multi-Cloud Environment”]
• [ISACA CDPSE Review Manual, Chapter 3, Section 3.3.4]

User behavior analytics tools are the best control to detect potential internal breaches of personal data because they monitor and analyze the activities and patterns of users on the network and systems, and alert or block any anomalous or suspicious behavior that may indicate unauthorized access, misuse or exfiltration of personal data. Data loss prevention (DLP) systems, employee background checks and classification of data are useful controls to prevent or mitigate internal breaches of personal data, but they do not necessarily detect them.

References:

• CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version), Domain 2: Privacy Architecture, Task 2.4: Design and/or implement privacy controls1
• CDPSE Certified Data Privacy Solutions Engineer All-in-One Exam Guide, Chapter 3: Privacy Architecture, Section: Privacy Controls2

Awareness campaigns are initiatives that aim to educate and inform employees about the importance of privacy protection, the organization’s privacy policies and procedures, the applicable laws and regulations, and the best practices and behaviors to safeguard personal data. Awareness campaigns can support an organization’s efforts to create and maintain desired privacy protection practices among employees by raising their awareness, understanding and commitment to privacy, as well as by influencing their attitudes, values and culture. Awareness campaigns can use various methods and channels, such as posters, newsletters, videos, webinars, quizzes, games or events, to deliver consistent and engaging messages to the target audience. The other options are not the best ways to support an organization’s efforts to create and maintain desired privacy protection practices among employees. Skills training programs are focused on developing specific technical or functional skills related to privacy, but they may not address the broader aspects of privacy awareness or culture. Performance evaluations are focused on measuring and rewarding individual or team performance based on predefined criteria or objectives, but they may not reflect the actual level of privacy awareness or practice. Code of conduct principles are focused on establishing and enforcing ethical standards and rules of behavior for employees, but they may not be sufficient to create or maintain privacy awareness or practice without effective communication and education1, p. 103-104 References: 1: CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version)

To ensure the protection of personal data, privacy policies should mandate that access to information system applications be authorized by the business application owner, because they are the ones who are responsible for defining the business requirements, functions, and objectives of the applications. The business application owner can also determine the appropriate level of access for different users or groups based on their roles, responsibilities, and needs. The business application owner can also monitor and review the access control policies and procedures to ensure that they are effective and compliant with the privacy regulations and standards.

References:

• Access Control Policy and Implementation Guides, CSRC
• What is Authorization and Access Control?, ICANN

An audit log is a record of the activities and events that occur in an information system, such as an application hosting personal data. An audit log can help to monitor, detect, investigate and prevent unauthorized or malicious access, use, modification or deletion of personal data. An audit log can also help to demonstrate compliance with data protection laws and regulations, such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA). An audit log should capture the following information for each event: 9

• The date and time of the event
• The identity of the user or system that performed the event
• The type and description of the event
• The outcome or result of the event
• The personal data that were accessed, used, modified or deleted

The last user who accessed personal data is the most important information to capture in the audit log, as it can help to identify who is responsible for any data breach or misuse of personal data. It can also help to verify that only authorized and legitimate users have access to personal data, and that they follow the data use policy and the principle of least privilege. The last user who accessed personal data can also help to support data subjects’ rights, such as the right to access, rectify, erase or restrict their personal data.

The other options are less important or irrelevant to capture in the audit log of an application hosting personal data. Server details of the hosting environment are not related to personal data, and they can be obtained from other sources, such as network logs or configuration files. Last logins of privileged users are important to capture in a separate audit log for user account management, but they do not indicate what personal data were accessed or used by those users. Application error events are important to capture in a separate audit log for system performance and reliability, but they do not indicate what personal data were affected by those errors.

References:

• IS Audit Basics: Auditing Data Privacy, section 4: “Audit logs should be maintained for all systems that process PII.”
• Data Protection Audit Manual, section 3.2: “Audit trails should be kept for all processing operations involving personal data.”
• Audit Logging Best Practices, section 2: “An audit log entry should contain enough information to answer who did what and when.”

The primary consideration to protect against privacy violations when utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) driven business decisions is ensuring proper data sets are used to train the models. AI is a technology that enables machines or systems to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as reasoning, learning, decision making, etc. AI relies on large amounts of data to train its models and algorithms to perform these tasks. However, if the data sets used to train the models are inaccurate, incomplete, biased, or outdated, they can result in privacy violations, such as discrimination, profiling, manipulation, or harm to the data subjects. Therefore, an IT privacy practitioner should ensure that the data sets used to train the models are proper, meaning that they are relevant, representative, reliable, and respectful of the data subjects’ rights and interests. References: : CDPSE Review Manual (Digital Version), page 141