CIPP-C Exam Dumps - Certified Information Privacy Professional/ Canada (CIPP/C)

Under the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA), there are specific circumstances where a commercial business in Canada is allowed to collect personal information without the knowledge or consent of the individual1. These exceptions include:

• Journalistic or literary purposes (option A): Organizations may collect personal information without consent when it’s for journalistic, artistic, or literary purposes, as these activities are considered to fall under the freedom of expression provisions.
• Interests of the individual (option B): If the collection is clearly in the interests of the individual and consent cannot be obtained in a timely way, for example in emergency situations where the individual’s life, health, or security is threatened.
• Investigative purposes (option D): When the collection with the knowledge of the individual would compromise the availability or accuracy of the information, and the collection is reasonable for purposes related to investigating a breach of an agreement or a contravention of the laws of Canada or a province.

However, option C is not one of the exceptions provided under PIPEDA. The act does not allow for the collection of personal information without consent solely on the basis that the collection would lead to the creation of products that would benefit the public and consent would be difficult to obtain. While public benefit is a consideration in the ethical use of personal information, it does not override the requirement for consent under PIPEDA unless the situation falls under other specific exceptions1.

Therefore, the correct answer is C, as it is the exception that is not permitted under the current framework of PIPEDA for collecting personal information without the knowledge or consent of the individual1.

Under the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA), when transferring personal information to a foreign country, an organization must meet the Act’s transparency requirements by advising customers that their data may be accessed by another jurisdiction's courts or law enforcement. This requirement ensures that individuals are aware of the risks associated with the international transfer of their personal information, including potential access by foreign government entities. This transparency is crucial for maintaining trust and helps individuals make informed decisions about their personal information. This guideline is directly stipulated in the guidance provided by the Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada, emphasizing the importance of informing individuals about the potential legal exposure their data might face in foreign jurisdictions.

Under the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA) and similar provincial privacy laws, there are certain circumstances where the collection of personal information without explicit consent is permitted. One such circumstance is when obtaining timely consent is impractical, and the collection of the information is clearly in the interests of the individual. This could occur in emergency situations where the individual's health or safety is at stake, or where immediate action is required for the individual's benefit, and consent cannot be obtained in a timely manner. Thus, the correct answer is A.

Under the Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA), certain types of data are considered particularly sensitive due to the potential for harm if misused or disclosed. This includes information about an individual's physical disability, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and religion. Religion, as a category of sensitive information, can reveal deeply personal beliefs and affiliations that, if mishandled, could lead to discrimination or other adverse effects. PIPEDA recognizes that sensitive information requires a higher level of protection and generally mandates that explicit consent is obtained before such information is collected, used, or disclosed.

Under the Privacy Act, government institutions are typically allowed to disclose personal information without the consent of the individual in certain circumstances, such as for law enforcement purposes or in compliance with court orders (e.g., search warrants). Disclosures to a member of parliament to assist in resolving a problem also usually do not require consent if they are for a purpose consistent with the reason the data was initially collected. However, disclosing personal information to a registered charitable organization would not fall under these usual exceptions and would generally require the individual's consent unless another specific exception applies. This ensures that personal information is not shared beyond the scope of its original collection purpose without appropriate authorization.

British Columbia's health information privacy laws are encapsulated in the Personal Information Protection Act (PIPA) and the E-Health (Personal Health Information Access and Protection of Privacy) Act for electronic health records. Unlike health information privacy acts in some other provinces which cover a wide range of health sector participants, BC’s laws are distinct in not directly including certain types of health facilities like independent laboratories and nursing homes under the same stringent requirements as other health care providers. These facilities may be covered under different aspects of legislation or have specific regulations but are not grouped under the typical health information custodian category in the same way as they are in provinces that use terms like "custodian" extensively. This specificity aligns with the statement in option C.