CISSP Exam Dumps - Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP)

A detection control is a type of control that identifies and reports the occurrence of an unwanted event, such as a violation of a policy or a threshold. A detection control does not prevent or correct the event, but rather alerts the appropriate personnel or system to take action34. References: 3: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 1, page 294: CISSP For Dummies, 7th Edition, Chapter 1, page 21.

 Statistical anomaly is a network intrusion detection technique that compares the current network activity with a baseline of normal behavior, and detects any deviations that exceed a predefined threshold. Statistical anomaly can identify unknown or novel attacks, but it may also generate false positives if the baseline is not updated or the threshold is not set properly12. References: 1: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 7, page 7702: CISSP For Dummies, 7th Edition, Chapter 7, page 237.

 Data tokenization is a method of protecting PII by replacing the sensitive data element with a non-sensitive equivalent, called a token, that has no extrinsic or exploitable meaning or value1. The token is then mapped back to the original data element in a secure database. This way, the PII is not exposed in the data processing or storage, and only authorized parties can access the original data element. Data tokenization is different from encryption, which transforms the data element into a ciphertext that can be decrypted with a key. Data tokenization does not require a key, and the token cannot be reversed to reveal the original data element2. References: 1: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 5, page 2812: CISSP For Dummies, 7th Edition, Chapter 10, page 289.

The three primary requirements for a penetration test are a defined goal, a limited time period, and an approval of management. A penetration test is a type of security assessment that simulates a malicious attack on an information system or network, with the permission of the owner, to identify and exploit vulnerabilities and evaluate the security posture of the system or network. A penetration test requires a defined goal, which is the specific objective or scope of the test, such as testing a particular system, network, application, or function. A penetration test also requires a limited time period, which is the duration or deadline of the test, such as a few hours, days, or weeks. A penetration test also requires an approval of management, which is the formal authorization and consent from the senior management of the organization that owns the system or network to be tested, as well as the management of the organization that conducts the test. A general objective, unlimited time, and approval of the network administrator are not the primary requirements for a penetration test, as they may not provide a clear and realistic direction, scope, and authorization for the test.

 The Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) is implemented in the system software. The system software is the software that controls and manages the basic operations and functions of the computer system, such as the operating system, the device drivers, the firmware, and the BIOS. The HAL is a component of the system software that provides a common interface between the hardware and the software layers of the system. The HAL abstracts the details and differences of the hardware devices and components, and allows the software to interact with the hardware in a consistent and uniform way. The HAL also enables the system to support multiple hardware platforms and configurations without requiring changes in the software5 . References: 5: What is Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL)? : Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) - GeeksforGeeks

 Passive Infrared Sensors (PIR) are devices that detect motion by sensing the infrared radiation emitted by objects. In a non-climate controlled environment, the background temperature may vary due to weather, seasons, or other factors. This may affect the sensitivity and accuracy of the PIR sensors, as they may not be able to distinguish between the object and the background. Therefore, the PIR sensors should have a feature that automatically adjusts the threshold or baseline of the background temperature to avoid false alarms or missed detections.

A and B are incorrect because they are not feasible or desirable solutions. Reducing or increasing the detected object temperature in relation to the background temperature would require altering the physical properties of the object or the sensor, which may not be possible or practical. Moreover, this may also affect the performance or functionality of the object or the sensor.

D is incorrect because it is not realistic or reliable. Detecting objects of a specific temperature independent of the background temperature would require the PIR sensors to have a very high resolution and precision, which may not be available or affordable. Moreover, this may also limit the range and scope of the PIR sensors, as they may not be able to detect objects that have different temperatures or emit different amounts of infrared radiation.

 Code reviews are the best way to check for good security programming practices, as well as auditing for possible backdoors, in a software system. Code reviews involve examining the source code of the software for any errors, vulnerabilities, or malicious code that could compromise the security or functionality of the system. Code reviews can be performed manually by human reviewers, or automatically by tools that scan and analyze the code. The other options are not as effective as code reviews, as they either do not examine the source code directly (A and C), or only detect syntactic or semantic errors, not logical or security flaws (D). References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 8, page 463; Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 8, page 555.

The primary risk with using open source software in a commercial software construction is license agreements requiring release of modified code. Open source software is software that uses publicly available source code, which can be seen, modified, and distributed by anyone. Open source software has some advantages, such as being affordable and flexible, but it also has some disadvantages, such as being potentially insecure or unsupported.

One of the main disadvantages of using open source software in a commercial software construction is the license agreements that govern the use and distribution of the open source software. License agreements are legal contracts that specify the rights and obligations of the parties involved in the software, such as the original authors, the developers, and the users. License agreements can vary in terms of their terms and conditions, such as the scope, the duration, or the fees of the software.

Some of the common types of license agreements for open source software are:

• Permissive licenses: license agreements that allow the developers and users to freely use, modify, and distribute the open source software, with minimal or no restrictions. Examples of permissive licenses are the MIT License, the Apache License, or the BSD License.
• Copyleft licenses: license agreements that require the developers and users to share and distribute the open source software and any modifications or derivatives of it, under the same or compatible license terms and conditions. Examples of copyleft licenses are the GNU General Public License (GPL), the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL), or the Mozilla Public License (MPL).
• Mixed licenses: license agreements that combine the elements of permissive and copyleft licenses, and may apply different license terms and conditions to different parts or components of the open source software. Examples of mixed licenses are the Eclipse Public License (EPL), the Common Development and Distribution License (CDDL), or the GNU Affero General Public License (AGPL).

The primary risk with using open source software in a commercial software construction is license agreements requiring release of modified code, which are usually associated with copyleft licenses. This means that if a commercial software construction uses or incorporates open source software that is licensed under a copyleft license, then it must also release its own source code and any modifications or derivatives of it, under the same or compatible copyleft license. This can pose a significant risk for the commercial software construction, as it may lose its competitive advantage, intellectual property, or revenue, by disclosing its source code and allowing others to use, modify, or distribute it.

The other options are not the primary risks with using open source software in a commercial software construction, but rather secondary or minor risks that may or may not apply to the open source software. Lack of software documentation is a secondary risk with using open source software in a commercial software construction, as it may affect the quality, usability, or maintainability of the open source software, but it does not necessarily affect the rights or obligations of the commercial software construction. Expiration of the license agreement is a minor risk with using open source software in a commercial software construction, as it may affect the availability or continuity of the open source software, but it is unlikely to happen, as most open source software licenses are perpetual or indefinite. Costs associated with support of the software is a secondary risk with using open source software in a commercial software construction, as it may affect the reliability, security, or performance of the open source software, but it can be mitigated or avoided by choosing the open source software that has adequate or alternative support options.