COF-C02 Exam Dumps - SnowPro Core Certification Exam

Snowflake recommends removing data files from the staging area after they have been loaded into the target table. This practice ensures that the data is only loaded once and prevents accidental reloading of the same data. By removing the files, you eliminate the risk of duplicate data loads.

Stage the Data: Upload the data files to a Snowflake stage (internal or external).

Load the Data: Use the COPY INTO command to load the data from the stage into the Snowflake table.

Remove the Data Files: After successfully loading the data, remove the data files from the stage using the REMOVE command.

References:

Snowflake Documentation: Loading Data into Snowflake

Snowflake Documentation: Staging Data Files

Snowflake Documentation: COPY INTO Command

To list all network policies available in an account, the correct command is SHOW NETWORK POLICIES. Network policies in Snowflake are used to define and enforce rules for how users can connect to Snowflake, including IP whitelisting and other connection requirements. The SHOW NETWORK POLICIES command provides a list of all network policies defined within the account, along with their details.

The DESCRIBE SESSION POLICY and DESCRIBE NETWORK POLICY commands do not exist in Snowflake SQL syntax. The SHOW SESSION POLICIES command is also incorrect, as it does not pertain to the correct naming convention used by Snowflake for network policy management.

Using SHOW NETWORK POLICIES without any additional parameters will display all network policies in the account, which is useful for administrators to review and manage the security configurations pertaining to network access.

The function used to determine the kind of value stored in a VARIANT column in Snowflake is TYPEOF.

Understanding VARIANT Data Type:

VARIANT is a flexible data type in Snowflake that can store semi-structured data, such as JSON, Avro, and XML.

This data type can hold values of different types, including strings, numbers, objects, arrays, and more.

Using TYPEOF Function:

The TYPEOF function returns the data type of the value stored in a VARIANT column.

It helps in identifying the type of data, which is crucial for processing and transforming semi-structured data accurately.

Example Usage:

SELECT TYPEOF(variant_column)

FROM my_table;

This query retrieves the type of data stored in variant_column for each row in my_table.

Possible return values include 'OBJECT', 'ARRAY', 'STRING', 'NUMBER', etc.

Benefits:

Simplifies data processing: Knowing the data type helps in applying appropriate transformations and validations.

Enhances query accuracy: Ensures that operations on VARIANT columns are performed correctly based on the data type.

References:

Snowflake Documentation: TYPEOF

Snowflake Documentation: VARIANT Data Type

The ACCESS_HISTORY view in Snowflake is a powerful tool for enhancing data governance, especially concerning monitoring and auditing data access patterns for both read and write operations. The key ways in which ACCESS_HISTORY enhances overall data governance are:

B. Provides a unified picture of what data was accessed and when it was accessed: This view logs details about query executions, including the objects (tables, views) accessed and the timestamps of these accesses. It's instrumental in auditing and compliance scenarios, where understanding the access patterns to sensitive data is critical.

E. Determines whether a given row in a table can be accessed by the user by filtering the data based on a given policy: While this option is a bit of a misinterpretation of what ACCESS_HISTORY directly offers, it indirectly supports data governance by providing the information necessary to analyze access patterns. This analysis can then inform policy decisions, such as implementing Row-Level Security (RLS) to restrict access to specific rows based on user roles or attributes.

ACCESS_HISTORY does not automatically apply data masking or tag columns with personal information. However, the insights derived from analyzing ACCESS_HISTORY can be used to identify sensitive data and inform the application of masking policies or other security measures.

References:

Snowflake Documentation on ACCESS_HISTORY: Access History

To upload data files from a local directory or folder on a client machine to an internal stage in Snowflake, the PUT command is used. The PUT command takes files from the local file system and uploads them to an internal Snowflake stage (or a specified stage) for the purpose of preparing the data to be loaded into Snowflake tables.

Syntax Example:

PUT file:// @;

This command is crucial for data ingestion workflows in Snowflake, especially when preparing to load data using the COPY INTO command.

Snowflake allows secure data sharing for specific database objects to ensure data is shared securely and efficiently. The primary objects that can be shared securely are tables and secure views.

Tables: Share actual data stored in tables.

Secure Views: Share derived data while protecting the underlying table structures and any sensitive information.

References:

Snowflake Documentation: Introduction to Secure Data Sharing

Snowflake Documentation: Creating Secure Views

Resource monitors in Snowflake can perform actions such as suspending a virtual warehouse when its credit usage reaches a defined limit and triggering a notification to account administrators when credit usage reaches a specified threshold. These actions help manage and control resource usage and costs within Snowflake.

References:

Snowflake Documentation: Resource Monitors

Snowflake's Continuous Data Protection (CDP) features encompass several mechanisms designed to protect data and ensure its availability and recoverability. Among these features, the one that has associated costs is Fail-safe.

Fail-safe is an additional layer of protection that kicks in after the Time Travel period expires. While Time Travel allows users to access historical data within a defined retention period (which can vary from 1 to 90 days depending on the Snowflake edition), Fail-safe provides a further 7 days (for a total of 7 additional days beyond the Time Travel period) during which Snowflake retains the data. This period is primarily intended for Snowflake's internal operations to recover data in the event of extreme scenarios, such as significant operational failures, and is not directly accessible by customers for data recovery purposes.

The associated costs with Fail-safe arise because Snowflake continues to store the data beyond the customer-specified Time Travel period, thereby incurring additional storage costs. It's important to note that while users do not incur direct costs for enabling Fail-safe (as it is an automatic feature of Snowflake), the extended storage of data during this period contributes to overall storage costs.

References:

Snowflake Documentation on Continuous Data Protection: Continuous Data Protection (CDP)

Snowflake Documentation on Fail-safe: Understanding Fail-safe