CWISA-102 Exam Dumps - Certified Wireless IoT Solutions Administrator

• IEEE 802.15.4: The IEEE 802.15.4 standard is a fundamental specification for low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs). It serves as the basis for many wireless IoT protocols.
• IEEE's Role: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is the organization responsible for creating, maintaining, and publishing the 802.15.4 standard.

References

• IEEE 802.15.4 Standard: https://standards.ieee.org/standard/802_15_4-2020.html
• IEEE Website: https://www.ieee.org/

• Primary Concern: Safety: Building codes and safety regulations are there to prevent injury and accidents. This includes potential harm from improper equipment installation (falling objects, electrical hazards, etc.).
• Legal and Ethical Responsibility: Organizations have an obligation to provide a safe workplace for employees and protect the well-being of end-users.
• Insurance Considerations: While complying with codes may impact insurance rates, this shouldn't be the primary motivation, as safety itself is paramount.

References:

• Occupational Safety and Health (e.g., OSHA in the US): Websites of regulatory bodies outlining guidelines for safe equipment installation in various settings.
• Electrical Codes (e.g., National Electrical Code): Standards that address safe practices to prevent fire and shock hazards.

• Attenuation: Describes the progressive loss of signal strength as it travels through a medium (like air, cables, walls). It's caused by factors like absorption, distance, and obstacles.
• Other Phenomena:

References

• Attenuation: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attenuation

• LoRa: Refers to the physical layer chirp spread spectrum (CSS) modulation, enabling long-range, low-power communication.
• LoRaWAN: An open MAC layer protocol that builds on LoRa, defining network architecture, device management, and data routing for large-scale LoRa networks.

• Signal Strength and Data Rate: In wireless links, weaker signal strength often directly correlates to reduced transmission speeds. Modern wireless technologies use adaptive modulation and coding, sacrificing speed for reliability when signals become weaker.
• Noise and Interference: While these can impact performance, they don't inherently decrease simply because signal strength drops.
• Latency: Latency can be affected by poor signal, but its primary drivers are distance and network congestion.

References:

• Wireless Signal Strength vs. Speed: Articles explaining the relationship and how adaptive modulation works.
• Modulation and Coding Schemes (MCS): Technical descriptions of how Wi-Fi and other wireless technologies adjust speeds based on signal quality.

• JSON Fundamentals: JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a text-based format for representing data in a structured, yet flexible way. Its key features are:
• JSON vs. Other Options

References:

• JSON Introduction: Clear definitions and examples of its syntax. (e.g., https://www.json.org/json-en.html)
• JSON Data Structures: Explanations of how arrays and nested objects are handled within JSON.

• Cloud Connectivity Relies on IP: Most cloud-based services operate via the internet, which utilizes Internet Protocol (IP) at Layer 3 of the network model.
• Flexibility: Various Layer 2 technologies (Ethernet, Wi-Fi) can connect to a Layer 3 network that ultimately provides Internet access
• BLE Exception: Bluetooth Low Energy can have cloud connectivity, but often through gateways and not as a direct Layer 2 connection.
• Eliminating Incorrect Options: IPX/SPX is an outdated protocol, and cellular is only one possible way to achieve Internet access.

References:

• OSI Model: Descriptions of Network Layers, especially Layer 2 (Data Link) and Layer 3 (Network).
• Cloud Architecture: Diagrams showing how devices commonly access cloud resources through internet-based infrastructures.

• WBAN Range: Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) specialize in short-range communication around the human body. Typical ranges fall within 1-2 meters.
• Purpose: This range is designed to:

References

• WBAN Overview: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_area_network
• WBAN Research Paper (Check Range Discussion): https://www.mdpi.com/2224-2708/11/4/67

• OFDM vs. OFDMA:

References

• OFDM: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing
• OFDMA: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiple_access

• WWAN (Wide-Area Wireless Network): WWANs provide connectivity over extensive geographic areas, typically covering regions or even entire countries.
• Cellular Technology: WWANs often rely on cellular networks (3G, 4G, 5G) offered by mobile carriers.

References

• WWAN: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_wide_area_network

• Importance of Time Sync in IoT: Coordinated actions, accurate data analysis, and event logging in wireless IoT solutions often rely on devices having a shared time reference.
• NTP's Role: Network Time Protocol (NTP) enables devices to synchronize their clocks against a reliable time source (NTP server), ensuring consistency across the network.
• Why Other Options Don't Fit:

References:

• Network Time Protocol (NTP): How it works and its importance in distributed systems.
• IoT Time Synchronization Challenges: Articles highlighting the need for accuracy in sensor networks and similar use cases.

• Purpose of POC: A proof-of-concept (POC) validates the feasibility and potential value of a solution within its intended operational environment.
• Scaling: POCs are small-scale, allowing for quicker and less costly testing before committing to a full-scale deployment.
• Real-world Evaluation: Unlike manufacturer demos, a POC exposes the system to the unique variables (e.g., interference, usage patterns) present in the user's specific setting.

References:

• IT project management: Materials discussing the role of proof-of-concept phases and their goals.

• Captive Portals for Guest Access: These are web pages that intercept users' requests before granting full internet access. They often require agreeing to terms, entering basic information, or viewing ads.
• Hospitality Fit: Captive portals are simple to deploy, require minimal user setup, and provide control for the hospitality provider (e.g., usage limits).
• Why Other Options Are Less Common:

References:

• Captive Portals: Explanations of how they work and their use cases.
• Guest Wi-Fi in Hospitality: Best practices highlight the prevalence of captive portals in this industry.

• QAM Constellations: QAM (Quadrature Amplitude Modulation) uses a constellation diagram where points represent unique combinations of amplitude and phase.
• Bits per Symbol: The number in QAM-XX indicates the number of points:
• Higher Data Rates: More points in the constellation enable transmitting more bits per symbol, leading to higher data rates at the same bandwidth.

References

• QAM: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrature_amplitude_modulation

• 60GHz Absorption: The 60GHz band experiences significant signal attenuation due to absorption by oxygen molecules in the atmosphere. This severely restricts the usable range of wireless systems operating in this frequency.
• Why Other Options Don't Apply:

References:

• 60GHz Propagation Characteristics: Technical papers discussing oxygen absorption and its influence on range limitations.
• Millimeter-wave (mmWave) Communication: Overviews highlighting the challenges and short-range applications of 60GHz systems.

• Health IoT Device Categories:

References

• Health IoT: Resources on healthcare + IoT will illustrate device types.

• Privilege Creep Defined: Gradual accumulation of excessive permissions over time, often due to users changing roles or access needs not being adjusted accordingly.
• Other Terms:

References:

• Principle of Least Privilege: Security best practice emphasizing the need to minimize access to only what's necessary.
• Access Control Models: Discussions of how privilege creep can violate security principles.