Adversarial training is a technique used to improve the robustness of AI models, including Large Language Models (LLMs), against various types of attacks. Here’s a detailed explanation:
Definition: Adversarial training involves exposing the model to adversarial examples—inputs specifically designed to deceive the model during training.
Purpose: The main goal is to make the model more resistant to attacks, such as prompt injections or other malicious inputs, by improving its ability to recognize and handle these inputs appropriately.
Process: During training, the model is repeatedly exposed to slightly modified input data that is designed to exploit its vulnerabilities, allowing it to learn how to maintain performance and accuracy despite these perturbations.
Benefits: This method helps in enhancing the security and reliability of AI models when they are deployed in production environments, ensuring they can handle unexpected or adversarial situations better.
References:
Goodfellow, I. J., Shlens, J., & Szegedy, C. (2015). Explaining and Harnessing Adversarial Examples. arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.6572.
Kurakin, A., Goodfellow, I., & Bengio, S. (2017). Adversarial Machine Learning at Scale. arXiv preprint arXiv:1611.01236.
Question # 5
What are common misconceptions people have about Al? (Select two)
There are several common misconceptions about AI. Here are two of the most prevalent:
Misconception: AI can think like humans.
Explanation: Many people believe that AI systems possess human-like thinking and understanding. However, AI, including advanced systems like neural networks, does not "think" in the human sense. AI operates based on complex algorithms and large datasets, processing information and making predictions or decisions based on patterns within the data.
Reality: AI lacks consciousness, emotions, and subjective experiences. It processes information syntactically rather than semantically, meaning it does not understand content in the way humans do.
References:
Russell, S., & Norvig, P. (2020). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach. Pearson.
Tegmark, M. (2017). Life 3.0: Being Human in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. Knopf.
Misconception: AI is not prone to generate errors.
Explanation: There is a belief that AI systems are infallible and do not make mistakes. This misconception stems from the high accuracy and efficiency of AI in specific tasks.
Reality: AI systems can and do make errors, often due to biases in training data, limitations in algorithms, or unexpected inputs. Errors can also arise from overfitting, underfitting, or adversarial attacks.
References:
Goodfellow, I., Bengio, Y., & Courville, A. (2016). Deep Learning. MIT Press.
Barocas, S., Hardt, M., & Narayanan, A. (2019). Fairness and Machine Learning. fairmlbook.org.
Question # 6
A legal team is assessing the ethical issues related to Generative Al.
What is a significant ethical issue they should consider?
When assessing the ethical issues related to Generative AI, a legal team should consider copyright and legal exposure as a significant concern. Generative AI has the capability to produce new content that could potentially infringe on existing copyrights or intellectual property rights. This raises complex legal questions about the ownership of AI-generated content and the liability for any copyright infringement that may occur as a result of using Generative AI systems.
The Official Dell GenAI Foundations Achievement document likely addresses the ethical considerations of AI, including the potential for bias and the importance of developing a culture to reduce bias and increase trust in AI systems1. Additionally, it would cover the ethical issues principles and the impact of AI in business, which includes navigating the legal landscape and ensuring compliance with copyright laws1.
Improved customer service (Option OA), enhanced creativity (Option OB), and increased productivity (Option OC) are generally viewed as benefits of Generative AI rather than ethical issues. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Copyright and legal exposure, as it pertains to the ethical and legal challenges that must be navigated when implementing Generative AI technologies.
Question # 7
What is one of the positive stereotypes people have about Al?
A.
Al is unbiased.
B.
Al is suitable only in manufacturing sectors.
C.
Al can leave humans behind.
D.
Al can help businesses complete tasks around the clock 24/7.
ï‚· 24/7 Availability: AI systems can operate continuously without the need for breaks, which enhances productivity and efficiency. This is particularly beneficial for customer service, where AI chatbots can handle inquiries at any time.
[: "AI's ability to function 24/7 offers significant advantages for business operations." (Gartner, 2021), ï‚· Use Cases: Examples include automated customer support, monitoring and maintaining IT infrastructure, and processing transactions in financial services., Reference: "AI enables round-the-clock operations, providing continuous support and monitoring." (Forrester, 2020), ï‚· Business Benefits: The continuous operation of AI systems can lead to cost savings, improved customer satisfaction, and faster response times, which are critical competitive advantages., Reference: "Businesses benefit from AI's 24/7 capabilities through increased efficiency and customer satisfaction." (McKinsey & Company, 2019), , ]
Question # 8
What is the role of a decoder in a GPT model?
A.
It is used to fine-tune the model.
B.
It takes the output and determines the input.
C.
It takes the input and determines the appropriate output.
D.
It is used to deploy the model in a production or test environment.
In the context of GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer) models, the decoder plays a crucial role. Here’s a detailed explanation:
Decoder Function: The decoder in a GPT model is responsible for taking the input (often a sequence of text) and generating the appropriate output (such as a continuation of the text or an answer to a query).
Architecture: GPT models are based on the transformer architecture, where the decoder consists of multiple layers of self-attention and feed-forward neural networks.
Self-Attention Mechanism: This mechanism allows the model to weigh the importance of different words in the input sequence, enabling it to generate coherent and contextually relevant output.
Generation Process: During generation, the decoder processes the input through these layers to produce the next word in the sequence, iteratively constructing the complete output.
References:
Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., Parmar, N., Uszkoreit, J., Jones, L., Gomez, A. N., ... & Polosukhin, I. (2017). Attention is All You Need. In Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems.
Radford, A., Narasimhan, K., Salimans, T., & Sutskever, I. (2018). Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training. OpenAI Blog.