NRCMA Exam Dumps - Nationally Registered Certified Medical Assistant

Liver enlargement is medically referred to as hepatomegaly. The term "hepatomegaly" comes from "hepato," meaning liver, and "megaly," meaning enlargement. This condition can be indicative of various underlying health issues, such as liver disease, congestive heart failure, infections, or cancer. Diagnosing hepatomegaly typically involves physical examination, imaging studies such as ultrasound or CT scans, and sometimes liver function tests. Recognizing and understanding the term hepatomegaly is essential for healthcare providers in diagnosing and managing conditions related to liver health.

Leukocytes, or white blood cells (WBCs), are crucial components of the immune system, protecting the body against infections and foreign invaders. There are several types of leukocytes, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils, each with specific functions in the immune response. Neutrophils, for example, are the first responders to bacterial infections, while lymphocytes (such as T cells and B cells) are involved in adaptive immunity. Thrombocytes (platelets) are involved in blood clotting, erythrocytes (red blood cells) carry oxygen, and osteocytes are bone cells.

Carbohydrates are classified into three main groups based on their chemical structure and complexity: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar molecules like glucose and fructose. Disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharide units linked together, such as sucrose and lactose. Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates consisting of long chains of monosaccharide units, examples include starch, glycogen, and cellulose. These classifications are essential for understanding carbohydrate digestion and metabolism.

References:

Biochemistry by Berg, Tymoczko, and Stryer

Essentials of Human Nutrition by Jim Mann and Stewart Truswell

A mysterious condition that kills apparently healthy infants between the ages of 4 weeks and 7 months is known as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). SIDS is the sudden, unexplained death of an otherwise healthy baby, often during sleep. The exact cause of SIDS is unknown, but it is believed to be associated with factors such as sleep environment, respiratory issues, and developmental vulnerabilities.

References:

American Academy of Pediatrics - SIDS Guidelines

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: From Pathophysiology to Prevention by J. Bruce Beckwith

Drug agents that neutralize the hydrochloric acid in the stomach are called antacids. Antacids are used to relieve symptoms of indigestion, heartburn, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). They work by neutralizing stomach acid to reduce irritation and discomfort.

References:

Pharmacology for Health Professionals by Bronwen Bryant and Kathleen Knights

Goodman & Gilman's: The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics

The opposite ofsuperficialisdeep. In medical terminology, "superficial" refers to structures near the surface of the body, while "deep" refers to structures further away from the surface and closer to the interior of the body. For example, muscles that are deep are located beneath more superficial layers of tissue.Reference:Nationally Registered Certified Medical Assistant study materials, anatomy and physiology textbooks.

Epilepsyis a seizure disorder affecting 1 to 2 percent of the population and is associated with abnormal electrical impulses from the neurons in the brain. These abnormal impulses cause recurrent, unprovoked seizures. The severity and type of seizures can vary widely among individuals, ranging from brief lapses in attention or muscle jerks to severe and prolonged convulsions. Diagnosis typically involves an electroencephalogram (EEG) to detect abnormal brain activity, along with imaging tests like MRI or CT scans.

References:

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). (n.d.). Epilepsy Information Page.

Epilepsy Foundation. (n.d.). About Epilepsy: The Basics.

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by insulin deficiency or resistance. There are two main types of diabetes: Type 1, where the body does not produce insulin, and Type 2, where the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose levels. Without effective insulin function, blood sugar levels can become dangerously high, leading to various health complications.