SAA-C03 Exam Dumps - AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Associate (SAA-C03)

AWS WAF is a web application firewall that helps protect web applications from common web exploits that could affect application availability, compromise security, or consume excessive resources. AWS WAF allows users to create rules that block, allow, or count web requests based on customizable web security rules. One of the types of rules that can be created is an SQL injection rule, which allows users to specify a list of IP addresses or IP address ranges that they want to allow or block. By using AWS WAF to protect the application, the company can prevent SQL injection and other web-based attacks from reaching the application and the database.

RDS parameter groups are collections of parameters that define how a database instance operates. Users can modify the parameters in a parameter group to change the behavior and performance of the database. By using RDS parameter groups to configure the security settings, the company can enforce best practices such as disabling remote root login, requiring SSL connections, and limiting the maximum number of connections.

The other options are not correct because they do not effectively protect the application and the database from SQL injection and other web-based attacks. Using security groups and network ACLs to secure the database and application servers is not sufficient because they only filter traffic at the network layer, not at the application layer. Using AWS Network Firewall to protect the application and the database is not necessary because it is a stateful firewall service that provides network protection for VPCs, not for individual applications or databases. Using different database accounts in the application code for different functions is a good practice, but it does not prevent SQL injection attacks from exploiting vulnerabilities in the application code.

To design the API Gateway URL with the company's domain name and corresponding certificate, the company needs to do the following: 1. Create a Regional API Gateway endpoint: This will allow the company to create an endpoint that is specific to a region. 2. Associate the API Gateway endpoint with the company's domain name: This will allow the company to use its own domain name for the API Gateway URL. 3. Import the public certificate associated with the company's domain name into AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) in the same Region: This will allow the company to use HTTPS for secure communication withits APIs. 4. Attach the certificate to the API Gateway endpoint: This will allow the company to use the certificate for securing the API Gateway URL. 5. Configure Route 53 to route traffic to the API Gateway endpoint: This will allow the company to use Route 53 to route traffic to the API Gateway URL using the company's domain name.

Amazon S3 is a highly scalable and durable object storage service that can store and retrieve any amount of data from anywhere on the web1. Users can configure the application to upload images directly from each user’s browser to Amazon S3 through the use of a presigned URL. A presigned URL is a URL that gives access to an object in an S3 bucket for a limited time and with a specificaction, such as uploading an object2. Users can generate a presigned URL programmatically using the AWS SDKs or AWS CLI. By using a presigned URL, users can reduce coupling within the application and improve website performance, as they do not need to send the images to the web server first.

AWS Lambda is a serverless compute service that runs code in response to events and automatically manages the underlying compute resources3. Users can configure S3 Event Notifications to invoke an AWS Lambda function when an image is uploaded. S3 EventNotifications is a feature that allows users to receive notifications when certain events happen in an S3 bucket, such as object creation or deletion. Users can configure S3 Event Notifications to invoke a Lambda function that resizes the image and stores it back in the same or a different S3 bucket. This way, users can offload the image resizing task from the web server to Lambda.

To maintain predictable database performance and ensure that the Lambda invocations do not overload the database with too many connections, a solutions architect should point the client driver at an RDS proxy endpoint and deploy the Lambda functions inside a VPC. An RDS proxy is a fully managed database proxy that allows applications to share connections to a database, improving database availability and scalability. By using an RDS proxy, the Lambda functions can reuse existing connections, rather than creating new ones for every invocation, reducing the connection overhead and latency. Deploying the Lambda functions inside a VPC allows them to access the private RDS DB instance securely and efficiently, without exposing it to the public internet. References:

Using Amazon RDS Proxy with AWS Lambda

Configuring a Lambda function to access resources in a VPC

To provide the HPC cluster with consistent sub-millisecond latency and high-throughput access to the data on the Snowball Edge Storage Optimized devices, a solutions architect should configure an Amazon FSx for Lustre file system, and integrate it with an Amazon S3 bucket. This solution has the following benefits:

It allows the HPC cluster to access the data on the Snowball Edge devices using a POSIX-compliant file system that is optimized for fast processing of large datasets1.

It enables the data to be imported from the Snowball Edge devices into the S3 bucket using the AWS Snow Family Console or the AWS CLI2. The data can then be accessed from the FSx for Lustre file system using the S3 integration feature3.

It supports high availability and durability of the data, as the FSx for Lustre file system can automatically copy the data to and from the S3 bucket3. The data can also be accessed from other AWS services or applications using the S3 API4.

The most suitable solution for the company’s compliance policy is to enable the restricted-ssh AWS Config managed rule and generate an Amazon Simple Notification Service (Amazon SNS) notification when a noncompliant rule is created. This solution has the least operational overheadbecause it uses a predefined rule that is already available in AWS Config, which is a service that enables users to assess, audit, and evaluate the configurations of their AWS resources. The restricted-ssh rule checks whether security groups that are in use have inbound rules that allow SSH from 0.0.0.0/0 addresses, and reports them as noncompliant1. Users can configure the rule to send notifications to an Amazon SNS topic when a noncompliant change occurs, and subscribe to the topic to receive alerts via email, SMS, or other methods2.

The other options are not correct because they either have more operational overhead or do not meet the requirements. Writing an AWS Lambda script that monitors security groups for SSH being open to 0.0.0.0/0 addresses and creates a notification every time it finds one is not correct because it requires custom code development and maintenance, which adds complexity and cost to the solution. Creating an IAM role with permissions to globally open security groups and network ACLs, and creating an Amazon SNS topic to generate a notification every time the role is assumed by a user is not correct because it does not prevent or detect the creation of noncompliant rules by other users or roles, and it does not address the existing rules that may violate the policy. Configuring a service control policy (SCP) that prevents non-administrative users from creating or editing security groups, and creating a notification in the ticketing system when a user requests a rule that needs administrator permissions is not correct because it does not provide an automated solution for the policy enforcement and notification, and it may limit the flexibility and productivity of the users.

The company wants to deploy its containerized application workloads to a VPC across three Availability Zones, with high availability and minimal changes to the application. The solution that will meet these requirements with the least operational overhead is:

Use Amazon Elastic Container Service (Amazon ECS). Amazon ECS is a fully managed container orchestration service that allows you to run and scale containerized applications on AWS. Amazon ECS eliminates the need for you to install, operate, and scale your own cluster management infrastructure. Amazon ECS also integrates with other AWS services, such as VPC, ELB, CloudFormation, CloudWatch, IAM, and more.

Configure Amazon ECS Service Auto Scaling to use target tracking scaling. Amazon ECS Service Auto Scaling allows you to automatically adjust the number of tasks in your service based on the demand or custom metrics. Target tracking scaling is a policy type that adjusts the number of tasks in your service to keep a specified metric at a target value. For example, you can use target tracking scaling to maintain a target CPU utilization or request count per task for your service.

Set the minimum capacity to 3. This ensures that your service always has at least three tasks running across three Availability Zones, providing high availability and fault tolerance for your application.

Set the task placement strategy type to spread with an Availability Zone attribute. This ensures that your tasks are evenly distributed across the Availability Zones in your cluster, maximizing the availability of your service.

This solution will provide high availability across Availability Zones, require minimal changes to the application, and reduce the operational overhead of managing your own cluster infrastructure.

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka (Amazon MSK) is a fully managed service that makes it easy to build and run applications that use Apache Kafka to process streaming data. By using Amazon ECS with the AWS Fargate launch type, you can run containers without managing servers or clusters. This combination reduces operational overhead and provides scalability.