Scripting-and-Programming-Foundations Exam Dumps - WGU Scripting and Programming Foundations Exam

A sequence diagram is a type of interaction diagram that details how operations are carried out within a system. It is used to model the interactions between objects or components in a sequence that reflects the order of operations, particularly focusing on the messages exchanged between these objects over time. The vertical axis of a sequence diagram represents time, and the horizontal axis represents the objects involved in the interaction. The purpose of a sequence diagram is to illustrate the sequence of messages or events that occur between these objects, typically in the context of a specific use case or scenario within the software system1234.

 Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm is designed to find the shortest path between nodes in a graph. This can be applied to various scenarios, such as routing problems, network optimization, and in this case, determining the most fuel-efficient flight plan. The algorithm works by iteratively selecting the unvisited vertex with the smallest tentative distance from the source, then visiting the neighbors of this vertex and updating their tentative distances if a shorter path is found. This process continues until the destination vertex is reached or all reachable vertices have been visited.

In the context of the given options, Dijkstra’s algorithm is best suited for option B, where the goal is to find the most fuel-efficient path (i.e., the shortest path) between multiple points (coordinates of five positions). The algorithm is not designed to solve problems like searching for an element in an array (option A), finding the longest common subsequence (option C), or searching for a name in a list (option D).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The Waterfall methodology follows a linear sequence: requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. According to foundational programming principles (e.g., Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide), the design phase involves creating detailed technical specifications, including outlining functions to be written.

Waterfall Phases Overview:

Analysis: Defines requirements (e.g., “the system must track books, loans, and returns”).

Design: Creates technical plans, including system architecture and function specifications (e.g., addBook(), checkOutBook()).

Implementation: Writes the code for the specified functions.

Testing: Verifies the system meets requirements.

Option A: "Testing." This is incorrect. Testing verifies the implemented functions, not their planning.

Option B: "Analysis." This is incorrect. Analysis identifies high-level requirements (e.g., system features), not specific functions.

Option C: "Design." This is correct. In the design phase, the programmer outlines the functions needed (e.g., function names, parameters, and purposes) to support the inventory system, creating a blueprint for implementation.

Option D: "Implementation." This is incorrect. Implementation involves coding the functions, which occurs after they are outlined in the design phase.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Waterfall Methodology).

Pressman, R.S., Software Engineering: A Practitioner’s Approach, 8th Edition (Chapter 2: Waterfall Model).

Sommerville, I., Software Engineering, 10th Edition (Chapter 2: Waterfall Design).

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:

The term “based on a series of cells” is commonly associated with markup languages, particularly in the context of web development, where content is structured in a hierarchical or cell-based layout (e.g., HTML tables or CSS grid systems). According to foundational programming principles, markup languages like HTML are characterized by their use of tags to define elements, which can be visualized as cells or containers for content.

Option A: "Functional." This is incorrect. Functional languages (e.g., Haskell, Lisp) focus on functions as first-class citizens and immutability, not on a cell-based structure.

Option B: "Static." This is incorrect. “Static” refers to typing (where types are fixed at compile time) or analysis, not a cell-based structure.

Option C: "Markup." This is correct. Markup languages like HTML use tags to create elements that can be arranged in a cell-like structure (e.g.,

or
elements in a grid). In web design, tables and CSS layouts are often described as cell-based.

Option D: "Compiled." This is incorrect. Compiled languages (e.g., C, Java) are translated into machine code before execution, but they are not characterized by a cell-based structure.

Certiport Scripting and Programming Foundations Study Guide (Section on Markup Languages).

W3Schools: “HTML Tables” (https://www.w3schools.com/html/html_tables.asp).

Mozilla Developer Network: “CSS Grid Layout” (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_Grid_Layout).

Question # 37
Which output results from the given algorithm?

A.
1
B.
5
C.
10
D.
60
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Answer:
Explanation:
The algorithm depicted in the image is a simple loop that iterates 5 times. Each iteration multiplies the current value of i by 2 and adds it to the variable sum. The loop starts with i equal to 1 and sum equal to 0. Here’s the breakdown:
First iteration: i = 1, sum = 0 + (1 * 2) = 2

Second iteration: i = 2, sum = 2 + (2 * 2) = 6

Third iteration: i = 3, sum = 6 + (3 * 2) = 12

Fourth iteration: i = 4, sum = 12 + (4 * 2) = 20

Fifth iteration: i = 5, sum = 20 + (5 * 2) = 30
However, the algorithm includes a condition that checks if sum is greater than 10. If this condition is true, the algorithm outputs the value of i and stops. This condition is met during the third iteration, where sum becomes 12. Therefore, the algorithm outputs the value of i at that point, which is 3.
[References: The explanation is based on the standard behavior of loops and conditional statements in programming. For more information on algorithms and their implementation, you can refer to resources like “Introduction to Algorithms” by Cormen et al. and online platforms like GeeksforGeeks1., , ]
Question # 38

What does a function definition consist of?

A.

The function's argument values

B.

An invocation of a function's name

C.

A list of all other functions that call the function

D.

The function's name, inputs, outputs, and statements

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Answer:

Explanation:

A function definition is the blueprint for a block of code designed to perform a specific task. Here's what it includes:

Function Name: A unique name to identify and call the function (e.g., calculate_area).

Inputs (Parameters/Arguments): Values or variables passed into the function when it's called (e.g., width, height).

Outputs (Return Value): The result the function produces after processing (e.g., the calculated area). This value may or may not be explicitly returned.

Statements (Function Body): Contains the code that performs the actions and calculations within the function.

Question # 39

Oder the tasks needed to safely replace a lamp's light bulb from first (1) to last (4).

Select your answer from the pull down list.



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Answer:

Explanation:



Safety and proper procedure are paramount when replacing a light bulb to avoid any electrical hazards or injuries. First, always ensure the lamp is turned off to prevent electrical shock. Next, carefully unscrew the broken or burnt-out bulb from the socket; it might be hot, so caution is advised. After removing the old bulb, screw in the new working bulb securely but without overtightening to avoid damaging the bulb or socket. Finally, turn the lamp on to verify that the new bulb is functioning properly.

References The answer and explanation are based on general knowledge and common safety practices for handling electrical appliances; specific documents or standards on Scripting and Programming Foundations are not applicable here.

The image displays multiple-choice options for ordering tasks needed to safely replace a lamp’s light bulb, providing an interactive learning method for understanding safety procedures in handling electrical items.

Question # 40
Which action occurs the design phase of an agile process?
A.
Wring the required objects
B.
Deciding on the scope of the program
C.
Determining the goals of the project.
D.
Determining the functions that need to be written
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Answer:
Explanation:
 During the design phase of an agile process, the focus is on determining the functions that need to be written. This involves understanding the user requirements and defining the system architecture to meet those needs. The design phase is iterative, allowing for continuous refinement and improvement of the design as more is learned about the system and its users. It’s a collaborative effort involving designers, developers, and stakeholders to ensure that the functions align with the goals of the project and the needs of the users.
[References: The explanation is based on the agile design principles which emphasize iterative development, collaboration, and adaptability. Agile design processes guide the creation of software by focusing on customer needs and iterative improvement, , , ]
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