SECRET-SEN Exam Dumps - CyberArk Sentry Secrets Manager

= According to the CyberArk Sentry Secrets Manager documentation, the replace method is used to overwrite an existing policy branch with a new policy file. This method is suitable for making changes to the existing resources, such as modifying their annotations, permissions, or attributes. The replace method preserves the existing data and secrets associated with the resources, but removes any resources that are not defined in the new policy file. Therefore, to change the annotations for authentication of a Conjur host, the replace method is the best option.

The append method is used to add new resources or data to an existing policy branch, without affecting the existing resources. This method is suitable for creating new hosts, groups, variables, or secrets, but not for modifying the existing ones. The append method will ignore any changes to the existing resources, such as annotations, and will only load the new resources or data.

The delete method is used to remove resources or data from an existing policy branch, without affecting the other resources. This method is suitable for deleting hosts, groups, variables, or secrets, but not for modifying them. The delete method will remove any resources or data that are defined in the policy file, and will ignore any resources or data that are not defined in the policy file.

The update method is used to modify the data or secrets associated with existing resources, without affecting the resources themselves. This method is suitable for changing the values of variables or secrets, but not for changing the annotations, permissions, or attributes of the resources. The update method will only load the data or secrets that are defined in the policy file, and will ignore any resources or data that are not defined in the policy file. References: = Annotation reference | CyberArk Docs; Policy load modes | CyberArk Docs; Policy - docs.cyberark.com

The correct order for prioritization of the findings is as follows:

• A new vulnerability scanner project is nearing completion and is expected to go into production soon. This scanner is owned by the Security Team that owns CyberArk. This finding should be prioritized first because it has the highest urgency, feasibility, and alignment with the Security Team’s goals. The vulnerability scanner is a critical security tool that needs to protect its credentials from unauthorized access. The Security Team can leverage their own expertise and authority to implement the Secrets Manager solution for this project without much delay or dependency.
• A large, high performance application under PCI DSS regulation will require many CPs. This will require a license purchase. The procurement process can take 6-12 months. The development team is eager to work with Security on this project. This finding should be prioritized second because it has a high impact, compliance requirement, and stakeholder support. The application handles sensitive payment card data that needs to be secured by the Secrets Manager solution. The development team is willing to collaborate with the Security Team on this project and can help with the technical aspects of the implementation. However, this finding also has a high cost and a long lead time due to the license purchase and the procurement process.
• A small, internally developed application under HIPPA regulation needs updates to the application code to retrieve secrets from a Secrets Manager solution. The development team stated they cannot accommodate this work before next quarter. This finding should be prioritized third because it has a moderate impact, compliance requirement, and feasibility. The application handles protected health information that needs to be secured by the Secrets Manager solution. The development team is aware of the need to update the application code to integrate with the Secrets Manager solution, but they have other priorities and constraints that prevent them from doing so in the near term.

Here's the reasoning behind this order:

1. New vulnerability scanner project:

This project directly impacts CyberArk's Security Team, making it a high priority due to potential internal security concerns. Additionally, its near-completion state suggests a quicker implementation timeframe.

2. Large application under PCI DSS:

While this application requires significant resources and time investment due to license purchase and development, its high performance and PCI DSS regulation compliance mandate prioritization. Delaying this project could potentially lead to security vulnerabilities and compliance issues.

3. Small application under HIPAA:

Although HIPAA regulation necessitates compliance, the application's size and development team's delay request suggest a lower priority compared to the previous two projects. However, it should still be addressed within the next quarter as mandated by the development team.

 Conjur Summon is an open source utility that can fetch secrets from Conjur and export them as environment variables to a sub-process environment. This way, the secrets are not exposed or stored in the script, but are only available at run time. To use Conjur Summon, you need to install the summon-conjur provider on each workstation, define the secrets in a secrets.yml file, and wrap the PowerShell script in summon. For example, if the secret ID is win/domain/cred, the secrets.yml file would look like this:

DOMAIN_CRED: !var win/domain/cred

And the summon command would look like this:

summon --provider summon-conjur powershell script.ps1

This will inject the secret value of win/domain/cred as an environment variable named DOMAIN_CRED to the PowerShell script. The script can then access the secret using the $env:DOMAIN_CRED syntax.

References: Summon-inject secrets, cyberark/summon-conjur

Conjur is a secrets management solution that securely stores and manages secrets and credentials used by applications, DevOps tools, and other systems. Conjur provides a REST API that enables users to perform various operations on Conjur objects, such as secrets, policies, roles, and resources. The API endpoint for each Conjur object is composed of the base URL of the Conjur server, followed by the object type and identifier. For example, the API endpoint for a secret named db-password in the dev/my-app policy is:

https:// /secrets/dev/my-app/db-password

To discover secrets inside of Conjur, the API endpoint that can be used is Resources. Resources are Conjur objects that have permissions and annotations associated with them, such as secrets, hosts, groups, and layers. The Resources API endpoint allows users to list, search, and filter resources based on various criteria, such as kind, owner, policy, and annotation. For example, the following API request will return a list of all secrets owned by the user alice:

https:// /resources?kind=variable&owner=user:alice

The Resources API endpoint can help users to discover secrets inside of Conjur by providing information such as the name, ID, policy, owner, and annotations of each secret. Users can also use the Resources API endpoint to check the permissions and audit records of each secret, and to retrieve the secret value if they have the read permission.

References = Conjur API; Resources API; Secrets API

= Summon is a command-line tool that provides on-demand secrets access for common DevOps tools. It reads a file in secrets.yml format and injects secrets as environment variables into any process. The secrets.yml file is where you define which secrets to retrieve from a trusted store, such as CyberArk Secrets Manager. The secrets.yml file specifies the name and location of each secret, as well as the environment variable to assign it to. For example, a secrets.yml file could look like this:

DB_USERNAME: !var dev/my-app/db-username DB_PASSWORD: !var dev/my-app/db-password

This means that Summon will fetch the values of dev/my-app/db-username and dev/my-app/db-password from the trusted store, and assign them to the environment variables DB_USERNAME and DB_PASSWORD, respectively. Then, Summon will run the specified process with these environment variables set, and remove them once the process exits. This way, Summon enables secure and convenient access to secrets without exposing them in plain text or storing them in files.

References = Summon by cyberark - GitHub Pages; Using Summon to Manage Secrets as You Move From Dev to Prod

The most likely cause for this issue is A. malformed Policy file. A 422 Response from Conjur indicates that the request was well-formed but was unable to be followed due to semantic errors. A common semantic error when loading policy is having a malformed Policy file, which means that the Policy file does not follow the correct syntax, structure, or logic of the Conjur Policy language. A malformed Policy file can result from typos, missing or extra characters, incorrect indentation, invalid references, or other mistakes that prevent Conjur from parsing and applying the Policy file. The message that accompanies the 422 Response will usually provide more details about the error and the location of the problem in the Policy file.

To resolve this issue, you should review the Policy file and check for any errors or inconsistencies. You can use a YAML validator or a text editor with syntax highlighting to help you identify and correct any syntax errors. You can also use the Conjur Policy Simulator to test and debug your Policy file before loading it to Conjur. The Conjur Policy Simulator is a web-based tool that allows you to upload your Policy file and see how it will affect the Conjur data model, without actually loading it to Conjur. You can also use the Conjur Policy Simulator to compare different versions of your Policy file and see the changes and conflicts between them. For more information, refer to the following resources:

• Policy - CyberArk, Section “Policy”
• Policy Language - CyberArk, Section “Policy Language”
• Conjur Policy Simulator - CyberArk, Section “Conjur Policy Simulator”

 Conjur uses TLS certificates for authentication between nodes and clients. These certificates are either self-signed by Conjur or imported from a third-party CA. All the certificates are stored in the /opt/conjur/etc/ssl directory from the Conjur containers. This directory contains the following files:

• ca.crt: The CA certificate used to verify all Conjur node certificates. This is either the self-signed Conjur CA certificate or the imported third-party CA certificate.
• server.crt: The server certificate used by the Conjur node for HTTPS and mTLS connections. This certificate contains the DNS names of the node and the load balancer in the CN and SAN fields.
• server.key: The private key corresponding to the server certificate.
• cert.pem: A symbolic link to the server certificate file.
• key.pem: A symbolic link to the server key file.

References: Certificate architecture, Certificate requirements, Rotate certificates

Learn more:

References:

• CyberArk Sentry Secrets Manager documentation: https://docs.cyberark.com/Portal/Content/Resources/_TopNav/cc_Portal.htm
• CyberArk Sentry Secrets Manager course materials: https://training.cyberark.com/learn
• CyberArk whitepapers and technical resources: https://www.cyberark.com/resources/home/cyberark-secrets-manager

• The authentication flow begins with the requester presenting their credentials to Conjur. This can be in the form of a username and password, an API key, or another supported method.
• Conjur verifies the presented credentials against its internal database. If the credentials are valid, Conjur generates and returns a short-lived access token to the requester.
• The requester includes the access token with every subsequent request to access Conjur resources. This allows Conjur to identify the requester and authorize their access to specific secrets and functionalities based on configured policies.
• Finally, each request is evaluated against the Conjur RBAC (Role-Based Access Control) rules defined in its policy. These rules determine which users and roles have access to specific resources and what actions they can perform. Only requests that comply with these rules are granted access.