712-50 Exam Dumps - EC-Council Certified CISO (CCISO)

ï‚· Anonymity Networks:Anonymity networks, such as Tor (The Onion Router), rely on virtual network tunnels to mask users' IP addresses and activities by routing traffic through multiple encrypted nodes.

ï‚· Key Features:

Ensures anonymity by encrypting traffic between nodes.

Prevents tracking of source and destination.

ï‚· Why Not Other Options:

A. Covert government networks: Not specific to anonymity networks.

B. War driving maps: Associated with wireless network discovery, not anonymity.

C. Government networks in Tora: Misstatement; likely refers to Tor.

ï‚· EC-Council CISO Emphasis:Understanding anonymity networks is vital for cybersecurity professionals, both for defending against misuse and leveraging them for secure communication.

ï‚· Explanation:

Granting broad access to critical functions like accounting period setups is often a result of inadequate segregation of duties.

Proper policies would limit access to essential personnel, reducing the risk of errors or fraud.

ï‚· Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Changing periods regularly: Does not justify access beyond finance personnel.

B. Posting entries for a closed period: Limited personnel should handle this, not multiple departments.

C. Chart of accounts modifications: A specialized task, not broadly needed across departments.

ï‚· EC-Council CISO Reference:Reinforces the need for strict access controls and clear segregation of duties as a security best practice.

ï‚· Understanding the Attack PhasesAccording to EC-Council's methodology, attackers typically follow these sequential steps during a network attack:

Reconnaissance: The attacker gathers preliminary information about the target to identify vulnerabilities.

Scanning and Enumeration: Using tools to actively discover open ports, services, and potential weak points in the network.

Gaining Access: Exploiting identified vulnerabilities to penetrate the system or network.

Maintaining Access: Deploying backdoors, Trojans, or other mechanisms to ensure continued access even after the initial breach.

Covering Tracks: Removing logs, hiding activities, and employing obfuscation tactics to avoid detection.

ï‚· Correct OrderBased on the above explanation:

Reconnaissance (4) → Scanning and Enumeration (2) → Gaining Access (5) → Maintaining Access (3) → Covering Tracks (1).

ï‚· EC-Council References

CEH Phases of Hacking: These steps align with the five phases of hacking outlined in EC-Council's ethical hacking curriculum.

CISO Emphasis on Incident Lifecycle: A CISO must be familiar with attack methodologies to detect, mitigate, and respond effectively.

3DES (Triple Data Encryption Standard) is a symmetric encryption algorithm. It uses the same key for both encryption and decryption, distinguishing it from asymmetric algorithms.

Symmetric Encryption Overview:

Symmetric encryption uses a single key shared between the sender and receiver for encrypting and decrypting data.

3DES Mechanism:

3DES encrypts data three times using the DES algorithm with three different keys, enhancing security over the original DES.

Comparison with Other Options:

MD5: Not an encryption algorithm; it’s a cryptographic hash function.

ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) and RSA: Both are asymmetric algorithms, using separate public and private keys.

Applications:

Widely used in financial services, although increasingly replaced by more secure algorithms like AES.

Encryption Fundamentals: EC-Council identifies 3DES as a legacy symmetric encryption method, suitable for understanding encryption evolution.

Security Practices: Guidance on transitioning from 3DES to modern algorithms aligns with EC-Council’s focus on advanced security.

EC-Council CISO References:

ï‚· Importance of Digital Forensics:A well-documented forensics process ensures evidence is collected, preserved, and analyzed in a manner admissible in court.

ï‚· Key Forensic Activities:

Maintain chain of custody for evidence.

Ensure proper documentation and storage of digital artifacts.

Use industry-standard tools for analysis.

ï‚· Why Not Other Options:

B. Establishing Enterprise-owned Botnets: Illegal and unethical.

C. Retaliation under Active Defense: Often violates laws and escalates conflicts.

D. Collaboration with law enforcement: Important but secondary to having solid forensic processes.

ï‚· EC-Council CISO Alignment:A robust forensics process aligns with legal standards and ensures the organization is prepared for successful prosecution of attackers.

ï‚· Explanation:

Deep-packet inspection (DPI) involves analyzing the content of packets in real-time as they traverse a network.

DPI can examine both headers and payloads of packets without introducing noticeable latency, making it suitable for real-time traffic monitoring.

ï‚· Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A. Traffic analysis: Focuses on metadata such as packet sizes, timing, and flow but does not inspect content.

C. Packet sampling: Involves analyzing only a subset of packets, potentially missing key information.

D. Heuristic analysis: Used for identifying patterns but does not specifically describe real-time deep inspection of packets.

ï‚· EC-Council CISO Reference:DPI is a critical technology discussed in advanced network security for monitoring and identifying malicious activity without impacting performance.

 Encrypting Confidential Emails:Public-key cryptography ensures confidentiality by allowing the sender to encrypt a message using the recipient’s public key. Only the recipient can decrypt it using their private key.

ï‚· Key Functionality:

Recipient's Public Key: Encrypts data securely.

Recipient's Private Key: Used exclusively to decrypt the message.

ï‚· Why Not Other Options:

A. Your public key: Encrypts messages meant for you, not for others.

B. The recipient's private key: Private keys should never be shared or used for encryption.

D. Certificate authority key: Used for signing certificates, not encrypting messages.

ï‚· EC-Council Emphasis:The correct use of cryptographic keys ensures confidentiality and aligns with secure communication protocols.

ï‚· WEP and Shared Key Authentication:WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) uses shared keys for authentication and encryption, meaning all devices and the access point use the same key for communication.

ï‚· Key Characteristics:

Relies on pre-shared keys.

Vulnerable to cryptographic attacks due to weak key management and reuse.

ï‚· Why Not Other Options:

B. Asynchronous: Not relevant in the context of WEP.

C. Open: Refers to an authentication method with no encryption, not involving shared keys.

D. None: Incorrect; WEP uses shared keys for authentication.

 EC-Council Guidance:Understanding WEP’s limitations and vulnerabilities is crucial for mitigating risks in wireless network environments.