CISSP Exam Dumps - Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP)

The main feature that onion routing networks offer is anonymity. Anonymity is the state of being unknown or unidentifiable by hiding or masking the identity or the location of the sender or the receiver of a communication. Onion routing is a technique that enables anonymous communication over a network, such as the internet, by encrypting and routing the messages through multiple layers of intermediate nodes, called onion routers. Onion routing can protect the privacy and security of the users or the data, and can prevent censorship, surveillance, or tracking by third parties. Non-repudiation, traceability, and resilience are not the main features that onion routing networks offer, as they are related to the proof, tracking, or recovery of the communication, not the anonymity of the communication. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 4, Communication and Network Security, page 467. Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 4, Communication and Network Security, page 483.

 The action that an organization that shares card holder information with a service provider must do when dealing with compliance with the Payment Card Industry-Data Security Standard (PCI-DSS) is to validate the service provider’s PCI-DSS compliance status on a regular basis. PCI-DSS is a set of security standards that applies to any organization that stores, processes, or transmits card holder data, such as credit or debit card information. PCI-DSS aims to protect the card holder data from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, or theft, and to ensure the security and integrity of the payment transactions. If an organization shares card holder data with a service provider, such as a payment processor, a hosting provider, or a cloud provider, the organization is still responsible for the security and compliance of the card holder data, and must ensure that the service provider also meets the PCI-DSS requirements. The organization must validate the service provider’s PCI-DSS compliance status on a regular basis, by obtaining and reviewing the service provider’s PCI-DSS assessment reports, such as the Self-Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ), the Report on Compliance (ROC), or the Attestation of Compliance (AOC). Performing a service provider PCI-DSS assessment on a yearly basis, validating that the service provider’s security policies are in alignment with those of the organization, and ensuring that the service provider updates and tests its Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP) on a yearly basis are not the actions that an organization that shares card holder information with a service provider must do when dealing with compliance with PCI-DSS, as they are not sufficient or relevant to verify the service provider’s PCI-DSS compliance status or to protect the card holder data. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 1, Security and Risk Management, page 49. Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 1, Security and Risk Management, page 64.

A synchronous token is a hardware device that generates and displays a one-time password (OTP) that changes at fixed intervals, usually based on a clock or a counter. The OTP is synchronized with the authentication server, and the user must enter the OTP within a certain time window to log in. This is an example of single factor authentication based on something the user has (the token). The other options are not correct, as they either do not match the description of the token (A and B), or do not specify the type of token ©. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 6, page 331; Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 6, page 387.

The capabilities of the system that allow its business users to perform business functions but not user administration functions, and its application administrators to perform administration functions but not user business functions, are best described as separation of duties. Separation of duties is a security principle that divides the roles and responsibilities of different tasks or functions among different individuals or groups, so that no one person or group has complete control or authority over a critical process or asset. Separation of duties can help to prevent fraud, collusion, abuse, or errors, and to ensure accountability, oversight, and checks and balances. Least privilege, rule based access controls, and Mandatory Access Control (MAC) are not the best descriptions of the capabilities of the system, as they do not reflect the division of roles and responsibilities among different users or groups. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 1, Security and Risk Management, page 32. Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 1, Security and Risk Management, page 45.

The primary security concern as staff is released from the organization is the loss of data and separation of duties. The loss of data is the event or the situation where the data is deleted, corrupted, stolen, or leaked by the staff who are leaving the organization, either intentionally or unintentionally, and where the data is no longer available or recoverable by the organization. The loss of data can compromise the confidentiality, the integrity, and the availability of the data, and can cause damage or harm to the organization’s operations, reputation, or objectives. The separation of duties is the principle or the practice of dividing the tasks or the responsibilities among different staff or roles, to prevent or reduce the conflicts of interest, the collusion, the fraud, or the errors. The separation of duties can be compromised when the staff is released from the organization, as it can create the gaps or the overlaps in the tasks or the responsibilities, and it can increase the risk of the unauthorized or the malicious access or activity. Inadequate IT support, undocumented security controls, and additional responsibilities for remaining staff are not the primary security concerns as staff is released from the organization, as they are related to the quality, the transparency, or the workload of the IT operations, not the loss of data or the separation of duties. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 1, Security and Risk Management, page 29. Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 1, Security and Risk Management, page 44.

The most critical factor to achieve the goals of a security program is the executive management support. The executive management is the highest level of authority or decision-making in the organization, such as the board of directors, the chief executive officer, or the chief information officer. The executive management support is the endorsement, the sponsorship, or the involvement of the executive management in the security program, such as the security planning, the security implementation, the security monitoring, or the security auditing. The executive management support is the most critical factor to achieve the goals of the security program, as it can provide the vision, the direction, or the strategy for the security program, and it can align the security program with the business needs and requirements. The executive management support can also provide the resources, the budget, or the authority for the security program, and it can foster the security culture, the security awareness, or the security governance in the organization. The executive management support can also influence the stakeholders, the customers, or the regulators, and it can demonstrate the commitment, the accountability, or the responsibility for the security program. Capabilities of security resources, effectiveness of security management, and budget approved for security resources are not the most critical factors to achieve the goals of the security program, as they are related to the skills, the performance, or the funding of the security program, not the endorsement, the sponsorship, or the involvement of the executive management in the security program. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 1, Security and Risk Management, page 33. Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 1, Security and Risk Management, page 48.

The best way to mitigate a replay attack against a system using identity federation and Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) implementation is to use timed sessions and Secure Socket Layer (SSL). A replay attack is a type of network attack that involves capturing and retransmitting a valid message or data to gain unauthorized access or perform malicious actions. Identity federation is a process that enables the sharing of identity information across different security domains, such as different organizations or applications. SAML is a standard protocol that enables identity federation by using XML-based assertions to exchange authentication and authorization information. To prevent a replay attack, the system can use timed sessions and SSL. Timed sessions are sessions that have a limited duration and expire after a certain period of time or inactivity. SSL is a protocol that provides encryption and authentication for data transmission over the internet. By using timed sessions and SSL, the system can ensure that the SAML assertions are valid, fresh, and secure, and that they cannot be reused or tampered with by an attacker. Two-factor authentication, digital certificates and hardware tokens, and passwords with alpha-numeric and special characters are not the best ways to mitigate a replay attack against a system using identity federation and SAML implementation, as they do not address the specific vulnerabilities of the SAML protocol or the network transmission. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 4, Communication and Network Security, page 462. Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 4, Communication and Network Security, page 478.

Automated application security testing tools are software tools that can scan, analyze, and test the code of an application for vulnerabilities, errors, or flaws. The primary advantage of using these tools is that they can test large amounts of code using fewer resources, such as time, money, and human effort, than manual testing. This can improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and coverage of the testing process. The application can be protected in the production environment, the application will fail less when tested using these tools, and detailed testing of code functions can be performed are all possible outcomes of using automated application security testing tools, but they are not the primary advantage of using them. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 8, Software Development Security, page 1017. Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 8, Software Development Security, page 1039.