CISSP Exam Dumps - Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP)

The most beneficial phase for security personnel involvement in the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) process is the requirements definition phase. This is the phase where the security personnel can identify and analyze the security needs, objectives, and constraints of the system, and define the security requirements and specifications that the system must meet. By involving security personnel in this phase, the organization can ensure that security is integrated into the system design from the beginning, and avoid costly or complex changes or fixes later in the SDLC process. The other options are not as beneficial as the requirements definition phase, as they either involve security personnel too late in the SDLC process (A, B, and D), or do not address the security needs and objectives of the system (D). References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 8, page 459; Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 8, page 551.

 The best reason for the organization to pursue a plan to mitigate client-based attacks is that client-based attacks are more common and easier to exploit than server and network based attacks. Client-based attacks are the attacks that target the client applications or systems, such as web browsers, email clients, or media players, and that can exploit the vulnerabilities or weaknesses of the client software or configuration, or the user behavior or interaction. Client-based attacks are more common and easier to exploit than server and network based attacks, because the client applications or systems are more exposed and accessible to the attackers, the client software or configuration is more diverse and complex to secure, and the user behavior or interaction is more unpredictable and prone to errors or mistakes. Therefore, the organization needs to pursue a plan to mitigate client-based attacks, as they pose a significant security threat or risk to the organization’s data, systems, or network. Client privilege administration is inherently weaker than server privilege administration, client hardening and management is easier on clients than on servers, and client-based attacks have higher financial impact are not the best reasons for the organization to pursue a plan to mitigate client-based attacks, as they are not supported by the facts or evidence, or they are not relevant or specific to the client-side security. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 8, Software Development Security, page 1050. Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 8, Software Development Security, page 1066.

 The action that provides the greatest protection against the same attack occurring again is to implement server-side filtering. Server-side filtering is the process of validating and sanitizing the user input on the server side, before passing it to the database or application. Server-side filtering can prevent SQL injection attacks, which are the attacks that exploit the vulnerability of the database or application to execute malicious SQL commands or queries. SQL injection attacks can result in data theft, corruption, or deletion, as well as unauthorized access or privilege escalation. The other options are not as effective as server-side filtering, as they either do not prevent SQL injection attacks (A and B), or do not address the root cause of the vulnerability (D). References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 8, page 481; Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 8, page 581.

 The best solution to provide redundancy for telecommunications links is to provide multiple links from multiple telecommunications vendors. Redundancy is the ability to maintain the availability and functionality of a system or network in the event of a failure or disruption. By providing multiple links from multiple telecommunications vendors, the organization can ensure that there is always an alternative path for data transmission, and that the failure or outage of one vendor does not affect the entire network. Providing multiple links from the same telecommunications vendor, ensuring that the telecommunications links connect to the network in one location, and ensuring that the telecommunications links connect to the network in multiple locations are not the best solutions to provide redundancy for telecommunications links, as they do not offer the same level of diversity, resilience, and fault tolerance as providing multiple links from multiple telecommunications vendors. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 4, Communication and Network Security, page 504. Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 4, Communication and Network Security, page 520.

According to the star property (*property) of the Bell-LaPadula model, a subject with a given security clearance may write data to an object if and only if the object’s security level is greater than or equal to the subject’s security level. In other words, a subject can write data to an object with the same or higher sensitivity label, but not to an object with a lower sensitivity label. This rule is also known as the no write-down rule, as it prevents the leakage of information from a higher level to a lower level. In this question, User A has a Restricted clearance, and File 1 has a Restricted security class. Therefore, User A can write to File 1, as they have the same security level. User B, User C, and User D cannot write to File 1, as they have higher clearances than the security class of File 1, and they would violate the star property by writing down information to a lower level. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 4, Communication and Network Security, page 498. Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 4, Communication and Network Security, page 514.

The best way to determine if a particular system is able to identify malicious software without executing it is to test it with an EICAR file. An EICAR file is a standard file that is used to test the functionality and performance of antivirus software, without using any real malware. An EICAR file is a harmless text file that contains a specific string of characters that is recognized by most antivirus software as a virus signature. An EICAR file can be used to check if the antivirus software is installed, configured, updated, and working properly, without risking any damage or infection to the system. Testing with a botnet, executing a binary shellcode, and running multiple antivirus programs are not the best ways to determine if a particular system is able to identify malicious software without executing it, as they may involve using or creating actual malware, which can be dangerous, illegal, or unethical, and may compromise the security or performance of the system. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 6, Security Assessment and Testing, page 813. Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 6, Security Assessment and Testing, page 829.

 In a Bell-LaPadula system, a user cannot write data to a file that has a lower security classification than their own. This is because of the star property (*property) of the Bell-LaPadula model, which states that a subject with a given security clearance may write data to an object if and only if the object’s security level is greater than or equal to the subject’s security level. This rule is also known as the no write-down rule, as it prevents the leakage of information from a higher level to a lower level. In this question, User D has a Top Secret clearance, and File 3 has a Secret security class. Therefore, User D cannot write to File 3, as they have a higher clearance than the security class of File 3, and they would violate the star property by writing down information to a lower level. User A, User B, and User C can write to File 3, as they have the same or lower clearances than the security class of File 3, and they would not violate the star property by writing up or across information to a higher or equal level. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 4, Communication and Network Security, page 498. Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 4, Communication and Network Security, page 514.

 A risk assessment is the best first step for determining if the appropriate security controls are in place for protecting data at rest. A risk assessment involves identifying the assets, threats, vulnerabilities, and impacts related to the data, as well as the likelihood and severity of potential breaches. Based on the risk assessment, the appropriate security controls can be selected and implemented to mitigate the risks to an acceptable level. References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 1: Security and Risk Management, p. 35; Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Domain 1: Security and Risk Management, p. 41.