Which message does the pseudo wire emulation edge-to-edge (PWE3) add for LDP signaling
extension compared with Martini VLL?
OSPF BFD helps fast detect neighbor down events. OSPF BFD can be in which of the following
states?
Which of the following statements about the destination addresses of packets and the Router Alert option are true?
Refer to the exhibit.
As shown in the figure, CE 1 and CE 3 belong to VPN A, CE 2 and CE 4
belong to VPN B, and users on different VPNs are not allowed to access each other. Which of the following configurations can enable mutual access between CE 1 and CE 4 but forbid cross-VPN access between other CEs?
Configuration of PE 1:
sysname PE 1
#
ip vpn-instance vpna
route-distinguisher 100:1vpn-target 1:1 3:3 export-extcommunity
vpn-target 1:1 3:3 import-extcommunity
# i
p vpn-instance vpnb
route-distinguisher 100:2
vpn-target 2:2 4:4 export-extcommunity
vpn-target 2:2 4:4 import-extcommunity
#
Configuration of PE 2:
#
sysname PE 2
#
ip vpn-instance vpna
route-distinguisher 200:1
vpn-target 1:1 export-extcommunity
vpn-target 1:1 import-extcommunity
#
ip vpn-instance vpnb
route-distinguisher 200:2
vpn-target 2:2 4:4 export-extcommunity
vpn-target 2:2 4:4 import-extcommunity
As shown in the figure, RTA, RTB, and RTC use the OSPF protocol. The default cost value is used for links, and unicast routes converge on the entire network. The Loopback 0 interface is set to configure RTC as the RP or BSR. The SPT switching threshold uses the default value on RTB. The receiver joins the multicast group 225.1.1.1. The multicast source sends multicast data to the destination address 225.1.1.1. Which interface is the inbound interface in the (10.1.1.1, 225.1.1.1) entry on RTB?
As shown in the figure, the costs of paths from RTA to RT 11, RT 12, RT
13, RT 14, and RT 15 are all 10 and the available bandwidth is 200 Mbit/s.
The costs of paths from RTB to RT 31, RT 32, RT 33, RT 34, and RT 35 are all 10 and the available bandwidth is 200 Mbit/s.
The costs of paths from RT 11 to RT 21 and from RT 21 to RT 31 are both 5. The available bandwidth is 200 Mbit/s.
The cost of the path from RT 12 to RT 32 is 5 and the available bandwidth is 120 Mbit/s. The cost of the path from RT 13 to RT 33 is 10 and the available bandwidth is 80 Mbit/s.
The cost of the path from RT 14 to RT 34 is 10 and the available bandwidth is 100 Mbit/s.
The cost of the path from RT 15 to RT 35 is 10 and the available bandwidth is 100 Mbit/s.
The load balancing rule of Constraint Shortest Path First (CSPF) is set to Random on RTA.
Which path will a 100 Mbit/s tunnel from RTA to RTB take?
When configure IPSec VPN, Which kind of encryption algorithms is more excellent in security
1. On the backbone network , if a PE is connect to a CE, VPN instances need to b reconfigured on the PE, and interface on the PE for connecting to the CE must be bound to a VPN instance. After binding an interface to a VPN instance, you must configure the IP address of the interface between PEs, IS-IS configured for PE interworking. PLSA basic capabilities and MPLS LSP are configured for LSP establishment, and MP _IBGP is configured for VPN route exchange VPN routes exchange , LDAP is short for Label Distribution Protocol, and IBGP is short for interior Border gateway protocol.
2. A CE exchange route exchange routers with a PE over External Border gateway Protocol (EBGP.
Configure interior gateway protocol (IGP) on the IS-IS+MPLS backbone networking to achieve the interworking between PEs and IP routers.