ICS-SCADA Exam Dumps - ICS/SCADA Cyber Security Exam

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and SCADA networks typically operate in environments where the available bandwidth is limited. They are often characterized by:

Low processing threshold: ICS/SCADA devices generally have limited processing capabilities due to their specialized and often legacy nature.

Legacy systems: Many ICS/SCADA systems include older technology that might not support newer security protocols or high-speed data transfer.

Weak network stack: These systems may have incomplete or less robust network stacks that can be susceptible to specific types of network attacks.

High bandwidth networks are not typical of ICS/SCADA environments, as these systems do not usually require or support high-speed data transmission due to their operational requirements and the older technology often used in such environments.

References

"Navigating the Challenges of Industrial Control Systems," by ISA-99 Industrial Automation and Control Systems Security.

"Cybersecurity for Industrial Control Systems," by the Department of Homeland Security.

LACNIC, the Latin American and Caribbean Internet Addresses Registry, is the regional internet registry (RIR) responsible for allocating and administering IP addresses and Autonomous System Numbers (ASNs) in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Function: LACNIC manages the distribution of internet number resources (IP addresses and ASNs) in its region, maintaining the registry of domain owners and other related information.

Coverage: The organization covers over 30 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, including countries like Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and Mexico.

Services: LACNIC provides a range of services including IP address allocation, ASN allocation, reverse DNS, and policy development for internet resource management in its region.

Given this role, LACNIC is the correct answer for the registrar that contains information for domain owners in Latin America.

References

"About LACNIC," LACNIC, LACNIC Overview.

"Regional Internet Registries," Wikipedia,Regional Internet Registries.

A Network Intrusion Prevention System (NIPS) is capable of monitoring and validating encrypted data if it is integrated with technologies that allow it to decrypt the traffic.

Typically, network IPS can be set up with SSL/TLS decryption capabilities to inspect encrypted data as it traverses the network. This allows the IPS to analyze the content of encrypted packets and apply security policies accordingly.

Monitoring encrypted traffic is critical in detecting hidden malware, unauthorized data exfiltration, and other security threats concealed within SSL/TLS encrypted sessions.

References

"Network Security Technologies and Solutions," by Yusuf Bhaiji, Cisco Press.

"Decrypting SSL/TLS Traffic with IPS," by Palo Alto Networks.

Ingress filtering is a method used in network security to ensure that incoming packets are allowed or blocked based on a set of security rules.

This type of filtering is often implemented at the boundaries of networks to prevent unwanted or harmful traffic from entering a more secure internal network.

The term "ingress" refers to traffic that is entering a network boundary, whereas "egress" refers to traffic exiting a network.

References

Cisco Networking Academy Program: Network Security.

"Understanding Ingress and Egress Filtering," Network Security Guidelines, TechNet.

A masquerade attack involves an attacker pretending to be an authorized user of a system, thus compromising the authentication component of the IT security model. Authentication ensures that the individuals accessing the system are who they claim to be. By masquerading as a legitimate user, an attacker can bypass this security measure and gain unauthorized access to the system.References:

William Stallings, "Security in Computing".

Port mirroring (also known as SPAN - Switched Port Analyzer) is considered one of the best ways to counter packet monitoring on a switch. This technique involves copying traffic from one or more switch ports (or an entire VLAN) to another port where the monitoring device is connected. Port mirroring allows administrators to monitor network traffic in a non-intrusive way, as it does not affect network performance and is transparent to users and endpoints on the network.References:

Cisco Systems, "Catalyst Switched Port Analyzer (SPAN) Configuration Example".

In the context of monitoring and alerts within cybersecurity, the classification of alerts includes true positives, false positives, true negatives, and false negatives.

A false negative is considered the most dangerous type of alert because it occurs when an actual security threat is present but the monitoring system fails to detect and alert it. This allows malicious activities to occur undetected, potentially leading to significant damage or data loss.

The risk with false negatives is that they provide a false sense of security, assuming that systems are secure while in reality, they are compromised.

References

"Security and Network Monitoring Basics," Cisco Systems.

"Understanding Alert Classifications in Cybersecurity," Journal of Information Security.

In the context of physical to logical asset protection in network security, several threats can be directed against the network, including:

Elevation of Privileges: Where unauthorized users gain higher-level permissions improperly.

Flood the Switch: Typically involves a DoS attack where the switch is overwhelmed with traffic, preventing normal operations.

Crack the Password: An attack aimed at gaining unauthorized access by breaking through password security. All these threats can potentially compromise the network's security and the safety of its physical and logical assets.References:

CompTIA Security+ Guide to Network Security Fundamentals.