SAP-C02 Exam Dumps - AWS Certified Solutions Architect - Professional

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Question # 97

A company runs applications in hundreds of production AWS accounts. The company uses AWS Organizations with all features enabled and has a centralized backup

operation that uses AWS Backup.

The company is concerned about ransomware attacks. To address this concern, the company has created a new policy that all backups must be resilient to breaches of privileged-user credentials in any production account.

Which combination of steps will meet this new requirement? (Select THREE.)

Implement cross-account backup with AWS Backup vaults in designated non-production accounts.

Add an SCP that restricts the modification of AWS Backup vaults.

Implement AWS Backup Vault Lock in compliance mode.

Configure the backup frequency, lifecycle, and retention period to ensure that at least one backup always exists in the cold tier.

Configure AWS Backup to write all backups to an Amazon S3 bucket in a designated non-production account. Ensure that the S3 bucket has S3 Object Lock enabled.

Implement least privilege access for the IAM service role that is assigned to AWS Backup.

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Question # 98

A company is deploying a new web-based application and needs a storage solution for the Linux application servers. The company wants to create a single location for updates to application data for all instances. The active dataset will be up to 100 GB in size. A solutions architect has determined that peak operations will occur for 3 hours daily and will require a total of 225 MiBps of read throughput.

The solutions architect must design a Multi-AZ solution that makes a copy of the data available in another AWS Region for disaster recovery (DR). The DR copy has an RPO of less than 1 hour.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Deploy a new Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) Multi-AZ file system. Configure the file system for 75 MiBps of provisioned throughput. Implementreplication to a file system in the DR Region.

Deploy a new Amazon FSx for Lustre file system. Configure Bursting Throughput mode for the file system. Use AWS Backup to back up the file system to the DR Region.

Deploy a General Purpose SSD (gp3) Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume with 225 MiBps of throughput. Enable Multi-Attach for the EBSvolume. Use AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery to replicate the EBS volume to the DR Region.

Deploy an Amazon FSx for OpenZFS file system in both the production Region and the DR Region. Create an AWS DataSync scheduled task to replicate thedata from the production file system to the DR file system every 10 minutes.

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Answer:

Explanation:

The company should deploy a new Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) Multi-AZ file system. The company should configure the file system for 75 MiBps of provisioned throughput. The company should implement replication to a file system in the DR Region. This solution will meet the requirements because Amazon EFS is a serverless, fully elastic file storage service that lets you share file data without provisioning or managing storage capacity and performance.Â Amazon EFS is built to scale on demand to petabytes without disrupting applications, growing and shrinking automatically as you add and remove files1. By deploying a new Amazon EFS Multi-AZ file system, the company can create a single location for updates to application data for all instances.Â A Multi-AZ file system replicates data across multiple Availability Zones (AZs) within a Region, providing high availability and durability2. By configuring the file system for 75 MiBps of provisioned throughput, the company can ensure that it meets the peak operations requirement of 225 MiBps of read throughput.Â Provisioned throughput is a feature that enables you to specify a level of throughput that the file system can drive independent of the file systemâ€™s size or burst credit balance3. By implementing replication to a file system in the DR Region, the company can make a copy of the data available in another AWS Region for disaster recovery. Replication is a feature that enables you to replicate data from one EFS file system to another EFS file system across AWS Regions. The replication process has an RPO of less than 1 hour.

The other options are not correct because:

Deploying a new Amazon FSx for Lustre file system would not provide a single location for updates to application data for all instances. Amazon FSx for Lustre is a fully managed service that provides cost-effective, high-performance storage for compute workloads. However, it does not support concurrent write access from multiple instances. Using AWS Backup to back up the file system to the DR Region would not provide real-time replication of data. AWS Backup is a service that enables you to centralize and automate data protection across AWS services. However, it does not support continuous data replication or cross-Region disaster recovery.

Deploying a General Purpose SSD (gp3) Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume with 225 MiBps of throughput would not provide a single location for updates to application data for all instances. Amazon EBS is a service that provides persistent block storage volumes for use with Amazon EC2 instances. However, it does not support concurrent access from multiple instances, unless Multi-Attach is enabled. Enabling Multi-Attach for the EBS volume would not provide Multi-AZ resilience or cross-Region replication. Multi-Attach is a feature that enables you to attach an EBS volume to multiple EC2 instances within the same Availability Zone. Using AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery to replicate the EBS volume to the DR Region would not provide real-time replication of data. AWS Elastic Disaster Recovery (AWS DRS) is a service that enables you to orchestrate and automate disaster recovery workflows across AWS Regions. However, it does not support continuous data replication or sub-hour RPOs.

Deploying an Amazon FSx for OpenZFS file system in both the production Region and the DR Region would not be as simple or cost-effective as using Amazon EFS. Amazon FSx for OpenZFS is a fully managed service that provides high-performance storage with strong data consistency and advanced data management features for Linux workloads. However, it requires more configuration and management than Amazon EFS, which is serverless and fully elastic. Creating an AWS DataSync scheduled task to replicate the data from the production file system to the DR file system every 10 minutes would not provide real-time replication of data. AWS DataSync is a service that enables you to transfer data between on-premises storage and AWS services, or between AWS services. However, it does not support continuous data replication or sub-minute RPOs.

[References:, https://aws.amazon.com/efs/, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/efs/latest/ug/how-it-works.html#how-it-works-azs, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/efs/latest/ug/performance.html#provisioned-throughput, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/efs/latest/ug/replication.html, https://aws.amazon.com/fsx/lustre/, https://aws.amazon.com/backup/, https://aws.amazon.com/ebs/, https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ebs-volumes-multi.html, , , , , , ]

Question # 99

A company ' s solutions architect is analyzing costs of a multi-application environment. The environment is deployed across multiple Availability Zones in a single AWS Region. After a recent acquisition, the company manages two organizations in AWS Organizations. The company has created multiple service provider applications as AWS PrivateLink-powered VPC endpoint services in one organization. The company has created multiple service consumer applications in the other organization.

Data transfer charges are much higher than the company expected, and the solutions architect needs to reduce the costs. The solutions architect must recommend guidelines for developers to follow when they deploy services. These guidelines must minimize data transfer charges for the whole environment.

Which guidelines meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

Use AWS Resource Access Manager to share the subnets that host the service provider applications with other accounts in the organization.

Place the service provider applications and the service consumer applications in AWS accounts in the same organization.

Turn off cross-zone load balancing for the Network Load Balancer in all service provider application deployments.

Ensure that service consumer compute resources use the Availability Zone-specific endpoint service by using the endpoint ' s local DNS name.

Create a Savings Plan that provides adequate coverage for the organization ' s planned inter-Availability Zone data transfer usage.

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Question # 100

A company uses infrastructure as code (IaC) to provision Amazon EC2 instances. The company uses a launch template to implement an EC2 Auto Scaling group to manage traffic increases. The company applies monthly security updates to all EC2 instances in place.

After a recent update that required instance reboots, the Auto Scaling group terminated the instances and launched new, unpatched instances. New instances that the Auto Scaling group launches in response to traffic load are also unpatched. The company must ensure that the Auto Scaling group launches instances that have the latest security patches.

Which combination of solutions will meet this requirement? (Select TWO.)

Configure the Auto Scaling group termination policy to use the OldestLaunchTemplate setting.

Create a new Auto Scaling group before the next patch maintenance window. Patch and reboot instances in both Auto Scaling groups during the next maintenance window.

Deploy an Application Load Balancer (ALB) in front of the Auto Scaling group. Monitor target group health after instance replacement.

Use AWS Systems Manager to automatically produce patched AMIs. Update the Auto Scaling group launch template. Initiate an instance refresh for the Auto Scaling group.

Deploy a Network Load Balancer (NLB) in front of the Auto Scaling group. Configure termination protection for the instances.

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Answer:

Explanation:

D is required because the only reliable way to ensure newly launched Auto Scaling instances are patched is to make the launch template reference an AMI that already includes the latest security updates (an immutable image approach). AWS Systems Manager can automate building and maintaining patched AMIs (for example, through automated image creation workflows), after which the launch template is updated to the new AMI and the fleet is updated using Instance Refresh. Instance Refresh performs a controlled rolling replacement of instances so that the Auto Scaling group converges to the new AMI baseline.

C complements D by ensuring safe replacement and availability during the refresh/replacement process. Placing an ALB in front of the Auto Scaling group with health checks ensures that only healthy, fully bootstrapped/patched instances receive traffic, and that traffic is drained away from instances being replaced. Monitoring target health confirms the rollout is successful and minimizes risk during patch-driven reboots or instance replacement.

Why the other options are incorrect:

A: A termination policy setting does not ensure new instances are patched. It only affects which instances are terminated first. It does not solve the â€œlaunch patched instancesâ€ requirement.

B: Running two Auto Scaling groups and continuing in-place patching increases operational overhead and still risks drift and unpatched capacity when scaling occurs outside the maintenance window. It also does not address the core issue: the launch template AMI baseline.

E: NLB + termination protection does not ensure instances are patched at launch. Termination protection can interfere with Auto Scalingâ€™s ability to replace instances, and NLB does not inherently provide the same application-layer health check behavior and deployment safety patterns typically used for rolling replacements (compared to ALB target group health checks).

[References:, AWS Systems Manager Documentation: patching and automation capabilities; creating/maintaining updated images for fleets, Amazon EC2 Auto Scaling Documentation: launch templates, Instance Refresh, and rolling replacement of instances to a new AMI, Elastic Load Balancing Documentation (Application Load Balancer): target groups, health checks, and safe traffic shifting during instance replacement, AWS Well-Architected Framework (Operational Excellence / Reliability): immutable infrastructure patterns, automated fleet updates, and minimizing configuration drift, , , , ]

Question # 101

A company needs to migrate its customer transactions database from on premises to AWS. The database resides on an Oracle DB instance that runs on a Linux server. According to a new security requirement, the company must rotate the database password each year.

Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

Convert the database to Amazon DynamoDB by using the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT). Store the password in AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store. Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm to invoke an AWS Lambda function for yearly password rotation.

Migrate the database to Amazon RDS for Oracle. Store the password in AWS Secrets Manager. Turn on automatic rotation. Configure a yearly rotation schedule.

Migrate the database to an Amazon EC2 instance. Use AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store to keep and rotate the connection string by using an AWS Lambda function on a yearly schedule

Migrate the database to Amazon Neptune by using the AWS Schema Conversion Tool {AWS SCT). Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm to invoke an AWS Lambda function for yearly password rotation.

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Question # 102

A healthcare company is building a user support chat-based assistant on Amazon Bedrock. Users will ask health questions that might include personal details in the prompts.

A solutions architect must configure a solution that can do the following:

â€¢ Prevent the assistant from providing medical diagnosis advice.

â€¢ Redact personally identifiable information (PII) from both user inputs and model responses.

â€¢ Enforce the same controls even if the company changes foundation models (FMs) later.

â€¢ Evaluate risky user prompts before sending the prompts to a model to avoid unnecessary inference costs.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Store approved health support guidelines in an Amazon Bedrock knowledge base. Configure system prompts that instruct the model not to provide diagnosis advice. Use an AWS Lambda function after inference to remove PII from the model response before the response is returned to users.

Fine-tune an FM on approved support conversations. Add prompt templates that prohibit diagnosis advice. Run a separate review process that scans transcripts for prohibited topics and sensitive information after the conversations end.

Build a custom moderation layer in the application to inspect prompts for prohibited topics and to redact sensitive information from user inputs. Invoke the model through the Converse API. Use separate post-processing logic to redact sensitive information from responses before displaying responses to users.

Create an Amazon Bedrock guardrail. Configure denied topics for medical diagnosis advice. Configure sensitive information filters to mask PII. Configure content filters. Call the ApplyGuardrail API on user prompts before inference. Include the same guardrail in the Converse API to evaluate model responses.

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Question # 103

An EC2-based ticketing service pulls a frequently updated pricing file (stored in S3) on startup. Sometimes EC2s have stale pricing, causing charge issues.

Lambda updates DynamoDB with new prices.

Lambda updates Amazon EFS.

Use Mountpoint for S3 to mount the pricing file to EC2.

Use Multi-Attach EBS volume for price file.

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Question # 104

A company recently acquired several other companies. Each company has a separate AWS account with a different billing and reporting method. The acquiring company has consolidated all the accounts into one organization in AWS Organizations. However, the acquiring company has found it difficult to generate a cost report that contains meaningful groups for all the teams.

The acquiring companyâ€™s finance team needs a solution to report on costs for all the companies through a self-managed application.

Which solution will meet these requirements?

Create an AWS Cost and Usage Report for the organization. Define tags and cost categories in the report. Create a table in Amazon Athena. Create an Amazon QuickSight dataset based on the Athena table. Share the dataset with the finance team.

Create an AWS Cost and Usage Report for the organization. Define tags and cost categories in the report. Create a specialized template in AWS Cost Explorer that the finance department will use to build reports.

Create an Amazon QuickSight dataset that receives spending information from the AWS Price List Query API. Share the dataset with the finance team.

Use the AWS Price List Query API to collect account spending information. Create a specialized template in AWS Cost Explorer that the finance department will use to build reports.

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