SOA-C02 Exam Dumps - AWS Certified SysOps Administrator - Associate (SOA-C02)

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/systems-manager/latest/userguide/systems-manager-automation.html

To ensure all EC2 instances have the required tags and terminate any noncompliant instances, AWS Config can be used to check the compliance, and AWS Systems Manager Automation can be invoked to take action on noncompliant instances.

Create AWS Config Rule:

Open the AWS Config console at AWS Config Console.

Create a new rule to check for the required tags on EC2 instances. Use the managed rule required-tags.

Create AWS Systems Manager Automation Document:

Open the AWS Systems Manager console at AWS Systems Manager Console.

Create an Automation document to terminate noncompliant instances.

Link AWS Config Rule to Automation:

In the AWS Config console, configure the rule to invoke the Systems Manager Automation document if an instance is found to be noncompliant.

References:

AWS Config Rules

AWS Systems Manager Automation

AWS Config Managed Rules

Understand the Problem:

An instance in a private subnet needs internet access for downloading patches.

There is an existing NAT gateway in the public subnet.

Analyze the Requirements:

Provide internet access to the private subnet instance through the NAT gateway.

Ensure resources in the private subnet remain inaccessible from the public internet.

Evaluate the Options:

Option A: 0.0.0.0/0 IGW.

This would route traffic directly to the internet gateway, exposing the instance to the public internet.

Option B: 0.0.0.0/0 NAT.

This routes traffic destined for the internet through the NAT gateway, allowing outbound connections while keeping the instance protected from inbound internet traffic.

Option C: 10.0.1.0/24 IGW.

This does not provide the necessary route for internet access and incorrectly uses the internet gateway for local traffic.

Option D: 10.0.1.0/24 NAT.

This also incorrectly uses the NAT gateway for local traffic, which is unnecessary.

Select the Best Solution:

Option B: Adding a route for 0.0.0.0/0 with the target set to the NAT gateway ensures that the private subnet instance can access the internet while remaining protected from inbound internet traffic.

References:

Amazon VPC NAT Gateways

Private Subnet Route Table

Configuring the private subnet route table to use the NAT gateway for 0.0.0.0/0 ensures secure and efficient internet access for instances in the private subnet.

To automate the process of disabling unused IAM user accounts that have not been active for 90 days, using an AWS Config managed rule with an AWS Systems Manager automation runbook is the most operationally efficient method.

Set Up AWS Config Managed Rule:

Open the AWS Config console.

Create a rule using the managed rule iam-user-no-policies-check.

Configure the rule to trigger when IAM users have not been active for 90 days.

AWS Systems Manager Automation Runbook:

Create a Systems Manager automation document (runbook) to disable the access keys for inactive IAM users.

Use the aws:executeAutomation action to disable access keys and passwords.

Schedule the Automation:

Use Amazon EventBridge (formerly CloudWatch Events) to schedule the automation to run periodically.

References:

AWS Config Managed Rules

AWS Systems Manager Automation

Scheduling AWS Systems Manager Automation

To restrict access to content in specific countries using CloudFront, enabling the geo restriction feature in the CloudFront distribution is the most operationally efficient solution.

Geo Restriction in CloudFront:

CloudFront allows you to use geographic restrictions, also known as geo-blocking, to prevent users in specific geographic locations from accessing content that you're distributing through a CloudFront distribution.

Enabling Geo Restriction:

Go to the CloudFront console.

Select your distribution and click on "Restrictions."

Choose "Edit" and then enable "Geo restriction."

Specify the countries you want to restrict by selecting "Whitelist" or "Blacklist" and entering the appropriate country codes.

Operational Efficiency:

This method leverages CloudFront's built-in capabilities to restrict access at the edge locations, ensuring that unauthorized requests are blocked before reaching your origin.

It is a straightforward and scalable solution without requiring changes to your S3 bucket policy or application logic.

References:

Using Geo Restriction to Restrict Access to Your Content

AWS WAF (Web Application Firewall) is designed to protect web applications from common web exploits that could affect application availability, compromise security, or consume excessive resources. AWS WAF can help mitigate cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerabilities by allowing users to create rules to filter specific types of HTTP requests.

Create a Web ACL:

Go to the AWS WAF & Shield console.

Click "Create web ACL" and specify a name and the AWS resource to protect (e.g., an Application Load Balancer).

Add Rules to Mitigate XSS:

Within the Web ACL, add a new rule.

Select "Rule builder" and choose a rule type. For mitigating XSS, use "AWS Managed Rules" or create a custom rule.

AWS Managed Rules include a predefined set for XSS that you can enable.

Configure the XSS Rule:

If using a custom rule, configure it to inspect requests and block any that contain XSS patterns.

Use regular expressions or specific patterns to identify malicious scripts.

Deploy the Web ACL:

Once configured, save the Web ACL.

Associate it with your Application Load Balancer or CloudFront distribution to start filtering requests.

Monitor and Adjust:

Monitor the requests being blocked by AWS WAF.

Adjust the rules as necessary to ensure legitimate traffic is not affected and the application remains protected.

References:

AWS WAF Developer Guide

AWS WAF Managed Rules

Amazon EC2 and Availability Zones:

EC2 instances are tied to a specific Availability Zone within a region. Moving an instance directly is not possible.

Creating an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) allows the instance to be recreated in another Availability Zone.

Steps to Migrate an EC2 Instance to a New Availability Zone:

Create an AMI:

Open the EC2 Console.

Select the EC2 instance you want to migrate.

Choose Actions > Image and templates > Create Image.

Configure the AMI creation settings and create the image.

Launch a New Instance:

Navigate to the AMI section in the EC2 Console.

Select the newly created AMI.

Click Launch Instance from Image.

Specify the new Availability Zone during the instance configuration.

Terminate the Original Instance:

After validating that the new instance is functioning correctly, terminate the original instance to avoid additional costs.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

A: Directly copying an instance to another AZ is not supported.

C: There is no AWS CLI command to move an EC2 instance between AZs.

D: Stopping and modifying the AZ of an existing instance is not possible.

References:

Amazon EC2 Documentation

Creating an AMI

This configuration approach will meet the requirement of encrypting all data at rest and rotating the encryption keys once each year. By creating a new AWS KMS customer managed key and enabling automatic key rotation, the encryption keys will be rotated automatically every year. By enabling RDS encryption on the database at creation time using the KMS key, all data stored in the RDS for MySQL Multi-AZ database will be encrypted at rest. This approach provide more control over key management and rotation and provide additional security benefits.

Access to Amazon DynamoDB requires credentials. Those credentials must have permissions to access AWS resources, such as an Amazon DynamoDB table or an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance. The following sections provide details on how you can use AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) and DynamoDB to help secure access to your resources. https://docs.aws.amazon.com/amazondynamodb/latest/developerguide/authentication-and-access-control.html