CWNA-108 Exam Dumps - Certified Wireless Network Administrator

The term used to describe the problem in this configuration is Co-Channel Interference (CCI)1. CCI occurs when multiple access points are on the same or overlapping channels, causing interference and degradation in network performance1. In this case, one AP is on channel 1 and the other is on channel 2, which are overlapping channels, leading to CCI1.

MU-MIMO capabilities of the bridges are not a factor considered when calculating the Link Budget for an outdoor point-to-point WLAN bridge link. The Link Budget is a calculation of the expected signal strength at the receiver based on various factors that affect the RF transmission. Some of these factors are operating frequency, transmit power, receive antenna gain, free space path loss, cable loss, connector loss, and environmental loss. MU-MIMO stands for Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output, which is a technology that allows multiple devices to communicate simultaneously using multiple spatial streams. MU-MIMO is not relevant for a point-to-point link, where there are only two devices involved. References: 1, Chapter 2, page 59; 2, Section 2.2

An IBSS is used instead of a BSS is a network configuration that would result in multiple stations broadcasting Beacon frames with the same BSSID but with different source addresses. An IBSS (Independent Basic Service Set) is a type of WLAN that does not use an AP but rather allows stations to communicate directly with each other in a peer-to-peer manner. An IBSS is also known as an ad-hoc network or a peer-to-peer network. In an IBSS, each station generates its own Beacon frames to announce its presence and capabilities to other stations within range. The Beacon frames have the same BSSID, which is randomly generated by one of the stations when creating the IBSS, but they have different source addresses, which are the MAC addresses of each station’s radio interface. The BSSID is used to identify the IBSS and prevent stations from joining other IBSSs with different BSSIDs. References: , Chapter 1, page 25; , Section 1.1

A POE device that requires 47 W of power should use the 802.3bt specification. This is because 802.3bt is the latest POE standard that supports up to 90 W of power delivery over four pairs of wires in an Ethernet cable. The previous POE standards, such as 802.3af and 802.3at, only support up to 15.4 W and 30 W of power delivery over two pairs of wires in an Ethernet cable, respectively. Therefore, they are not sufficient for powering a device that requires 47 W of power. The 802.11at specification does not exist; it is a typo or confusion with the 802.3at specification. References: CWNA-109 Study Guide, Chapter 8: Wireless LAN Access Points, page 2431

An isotropic radiator is a theoretical point source of electromagnetic radiation that radiates equally in all directions. It has no physical dimensions and no preferred direction of radiation. It is used as a reference for antenna gain because it represents the ideal case of a perfect omnidirectional antenna12

Antenna gain is a measure of how well an antenna concentrates its radiated power in a certain direction. It is expressed in decibels (dB) relative to a reference antenna. When the reference antenna is an isotropic radiator, the antenna gain is denoted by dBi, which stands for decibels relative to isotropic12

For example, an antenna with a gain of 3 dBi means that it radiates 3 dB more power in its main direction than an isotropic radiator would. Conversely, an antenna with a gain of -3 dBi means that it radiates 3 dB less power in its main direction than an isotropic radiator would12