FCP_FGT_AD-7.4 Exam Dumps - FCP - FortiGate 7.4 Administrator

The "d-wan" zone in FortiGate SD-WAN configuration is the default SD-WAN zone created when SD-WAN is enabled. This zone contains all the interfaces assigned to SD-WAN and is essential for the functionality of the SD-WAN feature. The "d-wan" zone cannot be deleted because it is required for SD-WAN operations. Option A is incorrect because the underlay zone does not contain port1. Options B and D are incorrect because they incorrectly describe the configuration of zones.

References:

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide: SD-WAN Zone Configuration

The debug output indicates that FortiGate connected to one server (173.243.141.16) to retrieve contract information as it shows four FortiGuard requests without any packet loss, which confirms the connection to the server. Additionally, the default FortiGuard communication settings are being used, as indicated by the use of the HTTPS protocol on port 443, which is the default setting for FortiGuard connections.

References:

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide: FortiGuard Connection Settings

A session for denied traffic is created.

The command set ses-denied-traffic enable ensures that sessions for denied traffic are logged, meaning a session will be created for traffic that is denied by security policies.

The number of logs generated by denied traffic is reduced.

The set block-session-timer 30 command sets a timer to prevent excessive logging of denied traffic within a short period, which helps reduce the number of logs generated by repeated denied traffic sessions. This timer blocks sessions for a specified period (30 seconds in this case) to avoid overwhelming the log system with repetitive entries.

The application control engine on a FortiGate next-generation firewall is responsible for identifying and managing application traffic. It allows administrators to set policies based on application types, regardless of the port or protocol being used.

Option 5 in the IPS diagnostic command toggles the bypass status. If this option is used and results in a decrease in CPU usage, it means the IPS engine is no longer processing traffic, effectively blocking or bypassing the traffic. In this case, IPS is not inspecting the traffic anymore, leading to a decrease in CPU usage, which indicates that the traffic might be blocked instead of inspected.

Flow-based inspection optimizes performance compared to proxy-based inspection.

Flow-based inspection scans traffic in real-time as it passes through, resulting in better performance compared to proxy-based inspection, which buffers traffic.

FortiGate buffers the whole file but transmits to the client at the same time.

In flow-based inspection, the file is scanned while it is being transmitted, improving speed and reducing latency.

The IPS engine handles the process as a standalone.

In flow-based antivirus inspection, the IPS engine is used to inspect traffic, making it more efficient and integrated within the broader security mechanisms.

The firewall policy list in the exhibit is arranged in the "Interface Pair View," where policies are grouped by their incoming (ingress) and outgoing (egress) interface pairs. Each section (LAN to WAN, WAN to LAN, etc.) groups policies based on these interface pairings. This view helps administrators quickly identify which policies apply to specific traffic flows between network interfaces. Options A and D are incorrect because the Implicit group typically does not include more than one deny policy, and there is no "sequence grouping view" in FortiGate. Option B is incorrect as the list is not displayed strictly by ID sequence.

References:

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide: Firewall Policy Views

FortiGate uses the SMB protocol to read the event viewer logs from the DCs.

In agentless polling mode, FortiGate directly connects to the Domain Controllers (DCs) using the SMB protocol to read event logs and detect user login events.

FortiGate does not support workstation check.

In agentless polling mode, FortiGate does not perform workstation checks. It relies on polling the event logs from the Domain Controllers to identify user logins.

To bring Phase 1 up, the following changes can be made:

A. On HQ-FortiGate, disable Diffie-Helman group 2: This is incorrect because Diffie-Hellman group 2 is already selected on both devices. Disabling it would not help.

B. On Remote-FortiGate, set port2 as Interface: This is incorrect as both sides should be consistent in their interface settings for the IPsec tunnel, and the interface is correctly set to port1 on both FortiGates in the IPsec configuration.

C. On both FortiGate devices, set Dead Peer Detection to On Demand: This is a valid option. Setting Dead Peer Detection (DPD) to "On Demand" helps maintain the IPsec connection by checking if the peer is still available, which can help in some cases where the connection fails due to timeouts.

D. On HQ-FortiGate, set IKE mode to Main (ID protection): This is also a valid option because the Remote-FortiGate is already set to Main mode (ID protection). Ensuring that both ends use the same mode is crucial for successful phase 1 negotiation.

Thus, the correct answers are:C. On both FortiGate devices, set Dead Peer Detection to On Demand.D. On HQ-FortiGate, set IKE mode to Main (ID protection).

In a multi-VDOM environment, each VDOM can be treated as an independent virtual firewall, and each VDOM can belong to a separate Security Fabric. This allows administrators to configure and manage separate Security Fabrics for different VDOMs, providing flexibility in managing security policies and fabric connections across virtual domains.

The serial console method allows management access to the FortiGate CLI without relying on network connectivity. This method involves directly connecting a computer to the FortiGate device using a serial cable (such as a DB-9 to RJ-45 cable or USB to RJ-45 cable) and using terminal emulation software to interact with the FortiGate CLI. This method is essential for situations where network-based access methods (such as SSH or Telnet) are not available or feasible.

References:

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide: Console connection

When a firewall policy is created in FortiGate integrated with FortiAnalyzer and FortiManager, a Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) is added to the policy to support logging and management​.

The SSL VPN is configured to listen on port 11443 on the FortiGate device, as shown in the SSL VPN settings in the exhibit. However, the user is attempting to connect to the server using port 1443, as displayed in the VPN connection status. The mismatch between the ports is causing the connection failure. To resolve this, the user should change the client configuration to use port 11443 to match the FortiGate SSL VPN configuration.

FortiGate supports both pre-shared key and certificate signature methods for IKEv1 authentication. These methods provide flexibility depending on the security requirements of the network. Additionally, FortiGate supports Extended Authentication (XAuth), which requests a username and password from the remote peer, enhancing security by adding an extra layer of authentication. The XAuth method does not necessarily make the authentication faster; it is an additional security measure.

References:

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide: IPsec VPN Configuration

The certificate warning errors occur because the SSL inspection profile is configured to use a private CA certificate that is not recognized by the browser as being signed by a trusted CA. For the browser to trust the FortiGate's re-signed certificates, the CA certificate used by FortiGate for SSL inspection must be installed in the browser's trusted certificate store. Until the browser recognizes the certificate authority (CA) as trusted, it will continue to display warning errors when accessing HTTPS websites.

References:

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide: SSL/SSH Inspection Configuration

In this scenario, the FortiGate device is using a Virtual IP (VIP) to map the public IP address (203.0.113.2) to the internal IP address of the web server (172.16.1.10). The fact that the administrator does not see any sniffer output for incoming traffic suggests that the FortiGate is not responding to ARP requests for the public IP address (203.0.113.2).

Enabling arp-reply in the VIP configuration allows the FortiGate to respond to ARP requests for the public IP, thereby allowing traffic to reach the FortiGate, which will then forward it to the web server based on the VIP mapping.

The exhibit shows that the "FTP.Login.Failed" IPS signature is set with the action "Pass" and packet logging enabled. This means that any traffic matching this signature will be allowed through the FortiGate, and the traffic details will be logged for monitoring and analysis purposes.

References:

FortiOS 7.4.1 Administration Guide: IPS Signature Actions

Strict RPF (Reverse Path Forwarding) check ensures that the packet is received on the same interface that the FortiGate device would use to send traffic back to the source. It verifies that the best route to the source of the packet is through the same interface it arrived on, enhancing security by preventing IP spoofing. If the check fails, the packet is dropped.

If the SD-WAN traffic logs do not show the specific SD-WAN rule name, it likely means that FortiGate is using the default or implicit SD-WAN rule to balance traffic. The implicit rule comes into effect when no explicit SD-WAN rule is matched, and as a result, the SD-WAN rule name is not displayed in the logs. The default behavior is to load balance the traffic across available interfaces based on SD-WAN strategy.

With the override setting enabled and a higher priority configured on FGT-2, it will preempt FGT-1 and become the primary unit in the HA cluster.

In the current configuration, although "twitter.com" is allowed in the Static URL Filter, the category "Social Networking" is set to "Block" under the FortiGuard Category Based Filter. To resolve the issue, setting the action to "Exempt" in the Static URL Filter for "twitter.com" will bypass the category-based block for this specific URL while still enforcing the block on other social networking sites.