H12-891_V1.0 Exam Dumps - HCIE-Datacom V1.0

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IPsec (Internet Protocol Security) provides secure communication over IP networks by implementing multiple security functions.

✔ Data Origin Authentication:

Ensures that the sender of the data is genuine and not impersonated.

Uses techniques such as HMAC (Hash-Based Message Authentication Code).

Correct Match: "The receiver verifies the identity of the sender." ✅

✔ Data Encryption:

Protects data confidentiality by encrypting packets using AES, 3DES, or other encryption algorithms.

Ensures that only the intended recipient can decrypt the data.

Correct Match: "The sender encrypts the data, and the receiver decrypts the data." ✅

✔ Data Integrity:

Ensures that data is not altered in transit.

Uses cryptographic hashes (e.g., SHA-256) to verify integrity.

Correct Match: "The receiver verifies received data to determine whether the data has been tampered with." ✅

✔ Anti-Replay:

Protects against packet replay attacks, where an attacker resends captured packets to disrupt communication.

Uses sequence numbers to detect and reject duplicate packets.

Correct Match: "The receiver rejects duplicate data packets." ✅

📖 Reference: Huawei HCIE Datacom – IPsec Security Functions

In the Huawei SD-WAN solution, LAN-side devices (such as CPEs and aggregation routers) use various routing protocols to connect to Layer 3 networks and exchange routes dynamically. The supported protocols include:

✅ A. IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System)

A link-state protocol often used in large enterprise networks for fast convergence and scalability.

✅ B. OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)

A widely used dynamic routing protocol for intra-domain (LAN) connectivity.

Commonly used in enterprise networks to connect SD-WAN edge routers to LAN networks.

✅ C. BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)

BGP is primarily used for WAN and internet connectivity, but it can also be used inside large enterprise networks for LAN-side routing.

BGP enables inter-domain routing and policy-based route control.

✅ D. RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

A legacy distance-vector protocol still supported in some networks for basic LAN routing.

Less preferred due to slow convergence and hop-count limitations.

Reference from Huawei HCIE-Datacom Documentation:

Huawei SD-WAN Deployment Guide – LAN-Side Routing Protocols

HCIE-Datacom Training Material – Routing Configuration in SD-WAN

Why is Free Mobility Not Based on VLANs or IP Addresses?

Free mobility in Huawei CloudCampus implements policy-based user access control based on user identity (rather than VLANs or IP addresses).

Users can move across different network locations while maintaining their assigned security and access policies.

✅ How Free Mobility Works:

Policies are applied based on User Groups instead of VLAN or IP.

Uses Group-Based Policy Control (GBP) and Software-Defined Access (SDA) principles.

❌ Incorrect Statement Explanation:

Traditional networks rely on VLANs and IP addresses for segmentation, but Free Mobility applies policies at the user level, allowing seamless access anywhere on the network.

Reference from Huawei HCIE-Datacom Documentation:

Huawei CloudCampus Solution Guide – Free Mobility and Policy Control

HCIE-Datacom Training Material – Identity-Based Networking

Route Target (RT) is a BGP extended community attribute used in MPLS Layer 3 VPNs (L3VPNs) to control the import and export of VPN routes between different VPN instances (VRFs).

Explanation of Correct Answers:

✅ A. Each VPN instance is associated with one or more pairs of VPN Target attributes, used to control VPN routing information advertisement and reception between sites.

Each VRF (VPN Routing and Forwarding instance) has an associated RT that determines which routes are imported and exported between VPNs.

RTs enable inter-VPN communication while maintaining separation between VPN customers.

✅ B. Export Target and Import Target are independent of each other and support multiple values to implement flexible VPN routing information advertisement and reception control.

The Export RT specifies which routes should be advertised.

The Import RT specifies which routes should be accepted into a VRF.

These can be configured independently to control traffic flow between VPNs.

✅ C. RTs are classified into two types: Export Target and Import Target.

Export Target: Defines which VPN routes are advertised.

Import Target: Defines which VPN routes are accepted.

A VPN instance can have multiple RTs to allow flexibility.

✅ D. The RT value is advertised to neighbors through the BGP extended community attribute in Update messages.

RTs are carried in BGP UPDATE messages as part of the BGP extended community attribute, enabling VPN route exchange between PEs.

Reference from Huawei HCIE-Datacom Documentation:

Huawei MPLS VPN Configuration Guide – Route Target (RT) Concepts

HCIE-Datacom Study Material – BGP Route Advertisement in MPLS VPNs

The Time-To-Live (TTL) field in MPLS is essential for preventing infinite loops and enhancing security.

MPLS TTL Field Functionality:

It prevents packets from circulating indefinitely in the MPLS network.

It allows traceroute (tracert) to identify MPLS hops when TTL propagation is enabled.

Explanation of Correct Answers:✅ B. The processing of IP TTL copy hides the LSR in an MPLS domain, improving security.

If TTL propagation is disabled, MPLS routers do not decrease TTL, hiding internal LSRs from traceroute, enhancing security.

✅ C. MPLS provides two TTL processing modes:

Default Mode: The MPLS TTL copies the IP TTL value when an IP packet enters the MPLS network.

Uniform Mode: The ingress LER sets the MPLS TTL to 255, so it does not decrement.

✅ D. MPLS encapsulation in frame mode supports the TTL field, while cell mode does not.

Frame Mode (Ethernet, PPP, etc.) supports TTL.

Cell Mode (ATM/MPLS) does not support TTL.

Incorrect Answer Explanation:❌ A. If TTL copy is disabled, users can use the tracert function to view MPLS hops.

Wrong! If TTL propagation is disabled, tracert cannot see LSRs inside the MPLS core network.

Reference from Huawei HCIE-Datacom Documentation:

Huawei MPLS Technology Guide – TTL Field & Loop Prevention

HCIE-Datacom MPLS VPN Configuration Guide – Traceroute in MPLS Networks

Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:

✔ SR-MPLS Policy candidate paths are used for flexible path selection and load balancing in Segment Routing (SR-MPLS) networks.

✔ Correct Statements:✅ (A) Each candidate path can have multiple segment lists, each with its own weight for load balancing.✅ (B) Load balancing is supported both between candidate paths and within segment lists.✅ (C) An SR-MPLS Policy can contain multiple candidate paths, each with a preference value.✅ (D) The candidate path with the highest preference is selected as the primary path.

📖 Reference: Huawei HCIE Datacom – SR-MPLS Policy Path Selection

Understanding Route Reflectors (RRs) in Huawei SD-WAN

In Huawei’s SD-WAN Solution, BGP Route Reflectors (RRs) are used to reduce the number of BGP peer relationships and optimize routing scalability.

🔹 Key Functions of an RR in SD-WAN:

Centralizes BGP route distribution in large-scale SD-WAN networks.

Reduces full-mesh BGP peering complexity.

Improves network scalability and convergence time.

Analysis of Each Deployment Mode:

✅ B. Independent deployment of the RR

Correct: The RR is deployed as a standalone device, independent of the SD-WAN hub site.

Best for large-scale SD-WAN deployments requiring dedicated route control.

✅ C. Co-deployment of the RR and hub site

Correct: The RR is co-located with the SD-WAN hub site, reducing infrastructure overhead.

Best for mid-sized SD-WAN deployments where the hub and RR functions can be combined.

✅ D. Partially independent deployment of the RR

Correct: The RR is partially separated from the hub but still shares some resources.

Provides a balance between full independence and co-location.

❌ A. Multi-area deployment of the RR (Incorrect Choice)

Multi-area RR deployment is not a common Huawei SD-WAN practice.

Huawei does not require separate RRs per area, as SD-WAN is based on centralized policy-based routing.

Real-World Application:

Large Enterprise SD-WAN: Uses independent RRs to optimize global network routing.

Service Provider SD-WAN: Uses co-deployed RRs to reduce infrastructure costs while maintaining route scalability.

✅ Reference: Huawei HCIE-Datacom Guide – BGP Route Reflectors in SD-WAN Architecture

Understanding Jinja2 Templates in Huawei SSP Packages

🔹 What is Jinja2?

Jinja2 is a templating engine used in Huawei SSP (Smart Script Package) automation.

It allows dynamic configuration generation based on variables and logic.

🔹 Jinja2 Syntax Basics:✅ {% ... %} → Used for control structures like loops and conditions.✅ {{ ... }} → Used for variable placeholders.

Example of a Jinja2 Template Using {% ... %} for a Loop:

jinja2

CopyEdit

{% for interface in interfaces %}

interface {{ interface.name }}

description {{ interface.description }}

{% endfor %}

🔹 This template dynamically generates interface configurations based on a list of interfaces.

Why is the Answer TRUE?

✅ {% ... %} is used for control structures in Jinja2 templates (e.g., loops, if-else statements).✅ Jinja2 templates are widely used in SSP for Huawei network automation.

Real-World Application:

Automated Network Configuration: Uses Jinja2 in Huawei SSP automation scripts.

Data Center & SDN Automation: Dynamically generates VXLAN, BGP, and OSPF configurations.

✅ Reference: Huawei HCIE-Datacom Guide – Jinja2 Templates in SSP Packages