ISA-IEC-62443 Exam Dumps - ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Fundamentals Specialist

According to the ISA/IEC 62443 standard, the connections between security zones are called conduits. A conduit is defined as a logical or physical grouping of communication channels connecting two or more zones that share common security requirements. A conduit can be used to control and monitor the data flow between zones, and to apply security measures such as encryption, authentication, filtering, or logging. A conduit can also be used to isolate zones from each other in case of a security breach or incident. A conduit can be implemented using various technologies, such as firewalls, routers, switches, cables, or wireless links. However, these technologies are not synonymous with conduits, as they are only components of a conduit. A firewall, for example, can be used to create multiple conduits between different zones, or to protect a single zone from external threats. Therefore, the other options (firewalls, tunnels, and pathways) are not correct names for the connections between security zones. References:

ISA/IEC 62443-3-2:2016 - Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 3-2: Security risk assessment and system design1

ISA/IEC 62443-3-3:2013 - Security for industrial automation and control systems - Part 3-3: System security requirements and security levels2

Zones and Conduits | Tofino Industrial Security Solution3

Key Concepts of ISA/IEC 62443: Zones & Security Levels | Dragos4

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a framework that describes the functions of a networking system. The OSI model categorizes the computing functions of the different network components, outlining the rules and requirement needed to support the interoperability of the software and hardware that make up the network1.

The OSI model consists of seven abstraction layers arranged in a top-down order: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. The Transport layer is the fourth layer in the OSI model, and it is responsible for ensuring reliable and efficient data transfer between the Network layer and the Session layer2. The Transport layer uses protocols such as Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP) to provide end-to-end communication services, such as error detection and correction, flow control, congestion control, and segmentation2.

The image that you sent shows a 3D representation of the OSI model, with the layers stacked on top of each other. The missing layer is the Transport layer, which is represented by a pink box with a white arrow pointing to it. The arrow is labeled “TCP, UDP”.

1: What is the OSI Model? 7 Network Layers Explained | Fortinet 2: What is OSI Model | 7 Layers Explained - GeeksforGeeks

According to ISA/IEC 62443-1-1, a vulnerability is defined as “the potential for violation of security,” which means a weakness or gap in protection efforts that could be exploited by threats to gain unauthorized access or cause harm to an IACS. It does not specifically mean an event (B) or a result (D), and it is broader than just management flaws (A). The identification and management of vulnerabilities are key steps in risk assessment and mitigation in the 62443 framework.

The reference model described in ISA/IEC 62443-1-1 (see Figure 2) starts at a high level and encompasses all levels of the ISA-95 model (Levels 0 to 4), which range from field devices up to business logistics systems. This model provides a holistic, layered view of all the equipment, systems, and information flows in industrial automation.

The ISA/IEC 62443-4-1 standard defines the requirements for a secure product development lifecycle for IACS products. One of the core requirements is “risk management” — the systematic process of identifying, evaluating, and mitigating security risks throughout the product lifecycle. This ensures that security is built in from the early design phases through to maintenance and decommissioning. While agile and continuous integration can be useful development methods, they are not specific requirements of the standard. Defense-in-depth is a security principle, not a lifecycle process requirement.