SCS-C02 Exam Dumps - AWS Certified Security - Specialty

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Question # 33

An application is running on an Amazon EC2 instance that has an IAM role attached. The IAM role provides access to an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key and an Amazon S3 bucket. The key is used to access 2 TB of sensitive data that is stored in the S3 bucket.

A security engineer discovers a potential vulnerability on the EC2 instance that could result in the compromise of the sensitive data. Due to other critical operations, the security engineer cannot immediately shut down the EC2 instance for vulnerability patching.

What is the FASTEST way to prevent the sensitive data from being exposed?

Download the data from the existing S3 bucket to a new EC2 instance. Then delete the data from the S3 bucket. Re-encrypt the data with a client-based key. Upload the data to a new S3 bucket.

Block access to the public range of S3 endpoint IP addresses by using a host-based firewall. Ensure that internet-bound traffic from the affected EC2 instance is routed through the host-based firewall.

Revoke the IAM role's active session permissions. Update the S3 bucket policy to deny access to the IAM role. Remove the IAM role from the EC2 instance profile.

Disable the current key. Create a new KMS key that the IAM role does not have access to, and re-encrypt all the data with the new key. Schedule the compromised key for deletion.

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Question # 34

A company finds that one of its Amazon EC2 instances suddenly has a high CPU usage. The company does not know whether the EC2 instance is compromised or whether the operating system is performing background cleanup.

Which combination of steps should a security engineer take before investigating the issue? (Select THREE.)

Disable termination protection for the EC2 instance if termination protection has not been disabled.

Enable termination protection for the EC2 instance if termination protection has not been enabled.

Take snapshots of the Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) data volumes that are attached to the EC2 instance.

Remove all snapshots of the Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) data volumes that are attached to the EC2 instance.

Capture the EC2 instance metadata, and then tag the EC2 instance as under quarantine.

Immediately remove any entries in the EC2 instance metadata that contain sensitive information.

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Question # 35

A company is building a data processing application mat uses AWS Lambda functions. The application's Lambda functions need to communicate with an Amazon RDS OB instance that is deployed within a VPC in the same AWS account

Which solution meets these requirements in the MOST secure way?

Configure the DB instance to allow public access Update the DB instance security group to allow access from the Lambda public address space for the AWS Region

Deploy the Lambda functions inside the VPC Attach a network ACL to the Lambda subnet Provide outbound rule access to the VPC CIDR range only Update the DB instance security group to allow traffic from 0.0.0.0/0

Deploy the Lambda functions inside the VPC Attach a security group to the Lambda functions Provide outbound rule access to the VPC CIDR range only Update the DB instance security group to allow traffic from the Lambda security group

Peer the Lambda default VPC with the VPC that hosts the DB instance to allow direct network access without the need for security groups

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Question # 36

A company is implementing a new application in a new IAM account. A VPC and subnets have been created for the application. The application has been peered to an existing VPC in another account in the same IAM Region for database access. Amazon EC2 instances will regularly be created and terminated in the application VPC, but only some of them will need access to the databases in the peered VPC over TCP port 1521. A security engineer must ensure that only the EC2 instances that need access to the databases can access them through the network.

How can the security engineer implement this solution?

Create a new security group in the database VPC and create an inbound rule that allows all traffic from the IP address range of the application VPC. Add a new network ACL rule on the database subnets. Configure the rule to TCP port 1521 from the IP address range of the application VPC. Attach the new security group to the database instances that the application instances need to access.

Create a new security group in the application VPC with an inbound rule that allows the IP address range of the database VPC over TCP port 1521. Create a new security group in the database VPC with an inbound rule that allows the IP address range of the application VPC over port 1521. Attach the new security group to the database instances and the application instances that need database access.

Create a new security group in the application VPC with no inbound rules. Create a new security group in the database VPC with an inbound rule that allows TCP port 1521 from the new application security group in the application VPC. Attach the application security group to the application instances that need database access, and attach the database security group to the database instances.

Create a new security group in the application VPC with an inbound rule that allows the IP address range of the database VPC over TCP port 1521. Add a new network ACL rule on the database subnets. Configure the rule to allow all traffic from the IP address range of the application VPC. Attach the new security group to the application instances that need database access.

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Question # 37

An AWS account that is used for development projects has a VPC that contains two subnets. The first subnet is named public-subnet-1 and has the CIDR block 192.168.1.0/24 assigned. The other subnet is named private-subnet-2 and has the CIDR block 192.168.2.0/24 assigned. Each subnet contains Amazon EC2 instances.

Each subnet is currently using the VPC's default network ACL. The security groups that the EC2 instances in these subnets use have rules that allow traffic between each instance where required. Currently, all network traffic flow is working as expected between the EC2 instances that are using these subnets.

A security engineer creates a new network ACL that is named subnet-2-NACL with default entries. The security engineer immediately configures private-subnet-2 to use the new network ACL and makes no other changes to the infrastructure. The security engineer starts to receive reports that the EC2 instances in public-subnet-1 and public-subnet-2 cannot communicate with each other.

Which combination of steps should the security engineer take to allow the EC2 instances that are running in these two subnets to communicate again? (Select TWO.)

Add an outbound allow rule for 192.168.2.0/24 in the VPC's default network ACL.

Add an inbound allow rule for 192.168.2.0/24 in the VPC's default network ACL.

Add an outbound allow rule for 192.168.2.0/24 in subnet-2-NACL.

Add an inbound allow rule for 192.168.1.0/24 in subnet-2-NACL.

Add an outbound allow rule for 192.168.1.0/24 in subnet-2-NACL.

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Question # 38

A developer has created an AWS Lambda function in a company's development account. The Lambda function requires the use of an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key that exists in a security account that the company's security team controls. The developer obtains the ARN of the KMS key from a previous Lambda function in the development account. The previous Lambda function had been working properly with the KMS key.

When the developer uses the ARN and tests the new Lambda function an error message states that access is denied to the KMS key in the security account. The developer tests the previous Lambda function that uses the same KMS key and discovers that the previous Lambda function still can encrypt data as expected.

A security engineer must resolve the problem so that the new Lambda function in the development account can use the KMS key from the security account.

Which combination of steps should the security engineer take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

In the security account configure an IAM role for the new Lambda function. Attach an IAM policy that allows access to the KMS key in the security account.

In the development account configure an IAM role for the new Lambda function. Attach a key policy that allows access to the KMS key in the security account.

In the development account configure an IAM role for the new Lambda function. Attach an IAM policy that allows access to the KMS key in the security account.

Configure a key policy for the KMS key m the security account to allow access to the IAM role of the new Lambda function in the security account.

Configure a key policy for the KMS key in the security account to allow access to the IAM role of the new Lambda function in the development account.

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Question # 39

A company is developing an ecommerce application. The application uses Amazon EC2 instances and an Amazon RDS MySQL database. For compliance reasons, data must be secured in transit and at rest. The company needs a solution that minimizes operational overhead and minimizes cost.

Which solution meets these requirements?

Use TLS certificates from AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) with an Application Load Balancer. Deploy self-signed certificates on the EC2 instances. Ensure that the database client software uses a TLS connection to Amazon RDS. Enable encryption of the RDS DB instance. Enable encryption on the Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes that support the EC2 instances.

Use TLS certificates from a third-party vendor with an Application Load Balancer. Install the same certificates on the EC2 instances. Ensure that the database client software uses a TLS connection to Amazon RDS. Use AWS Secrets Manager for client-side encryption of application data.

Use AWS CloudHSM to generate TLS certificates for the EC2 instances. Install the TLS certificates on the EC2 instances. Ensure that the database client software uses a TLS connection to Amazon RDS. Use the encryption keys form CloudHSM for client-side encryption of application data.

Use Amazon CloudFront with AWS WAF. Send HTTP connections to the origin EC2 instances. Ensure that the database client software uses a TLS connection to Amazon RDS. Use AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) for client-side encryption of application data before the data is stored in the RDS database.

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Question # 40

A company has several petabytes of data. The company must preserve this data for 7 years to comply with regulatory requirements. The company's compliance team asks a security officer to develop a strategy that will prevent anyone from changing or deleting the data.

Which solution will meet this requirement MOST cost-effectively?

Create an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure the bucket to use S3 Object Lock in compliance mode. Upload the data to the bucket. Create a resource-based bucket policy that meets all the regulatory requirements.

Create an Amazon S3 bucket. Configure the bucket to use S3 Object Lock in governance mode. Upload the data to the bucket. Create a user-based IAM policy that meets all the regulatory requirements.

Create a vault in Amazon S3 Glacier. Create a Vault Lock policy in S3 Glacier that meets all the regulatory requirements. Upload the data to the vault.

Create an Amazon S3 bucket. Upload the data to the bucket. Use a lifecycle rule to transition the data to a vault in S3 Glacier. Create a Vault Lock policy that meets all the regulatory requirements.

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Answer:

Explanation:

To preserve the data for 7 years and prevent anyone from changing or deleting it, the security officer needs to use a service that can store the data securely and enforce compliance controls. The most cost-effective way to do this is to use Amazon S3 Glacier, which is a low-cost storage service for data archiving and long-term backup. S3 Glacier allows you to create a vault, which is a container for storing archives. Archives are any data such as photos, videos, or documents that you want to store durably and reliably.

S3 Glacier also offers a feature called Vault Lock, which helps you to easily deploy and enforce compliance controls for individual vaults with a Vault Lock policy. You can specify controls such as â€œwrite once read manyâ€ (WORM) in a Vault Lock policy and lock the policy from future edits. Once a Vault Lock policy is locked, the policy can no longer be changed or deleted. S3 Glacier enforces the controls set in the Vault Lock policy to help achieve your compliance objectives. For example, you can use Vault Lock policies to enforce data retention by denying deletes for a specified period of time.

To use S3 Glacier and Vault Lock, the security officer needs to follow these steps:

Create a vault in S3 Glacier using the AWS Management Console, AWS Command Line Interface (AWS CLI), or AWS SDKs.

Create a Vault Lock policy in S3 Glacier that meets all the regulatory requirements using the IAM policy language. The policy can include conditions such as aws:CurrentTime or aws:SecureTransport to further restrict access to the vault.

Initiate the lock by attaching the Vault Lock policy to the vault, which sets the lock to an in-progress state and returns a lock ID. While the policy is in the in-progress state, you have 24 hours to validate your Vault Lock policy before the lock ID expires. To prevent your vault from exiting the in-progress state, you must complete the Vault Lock process within these 24 hours. Otherwise, your Vault Lock policy will be deleted.

Use the lock ID to complete the lock process. If the Vault Lock policy doesnâ€™t work as expected, you can stop the Vault Lock process and restart from the beginning.

Upload the data to the vault using either direct upload or multipart upload methods.

For more information about S3 Glacier and Vault Lock, see S3 Glacier Vault Lock.

The other options are incorrect because:

Option A is incorrect because creating an Amazon S3 bucket and configuring it to use S3 Object Lock in compliance mode will not prevent anyone from changing or deleting the data. S3 Object Lock is a feature that allows you to store objects using a WORM model in S3. You can apply two types of object locks: retention periods and legal holds. A retention period specifies a fixed period of time during which an object remains locked. A legal hold is an indefinite lock on an object until it is removed. However, S3 Object Lock only prevents objects from being overwritten or deleted by any user, including the root user in your AWS account. It does not prevent objects from being modified by other means, such as changing their metadata or encryption settings. Moreover, S3 Object Lock requires that you enable versioning on your bucket, which will incur additional storage costs for storing multiple versions of an object.

Option B is incorrect because creating an Amazon S3 bucket and configuring it to use S3 Object Lock in governance mode will not prevent anyone from changing or deleting the data. S3 Object Lock in governance mode works similarly to compliance mode, except that users with specific IAM permissions can change or delete objects that are locked. This means that users who have s3:BypassGovernanceRetention permission can remove retention periods or legal holds from objects and overwrite or delete them before they expire. This option does not provide strong enforcement for compliance controls as required by the regulatory requirements.

Option D is incorrect because creating an Amazon S3 bucket and using a lifecycle rule to transition the data to a vault in S3 Glacier will not prevent anyone from changing or deleting the data. Lifecycle rules are actions that Amazon S3 automatically performs on objects during their lifetime. You can use lifecycle rules to transition objects between storage classes or expire them after a certain period of time. However, lifecycle rules do not apply any compliance controls on objects or prevent them from being modified or deleted by users. Moreover, transitioning objects from S3 to S3 Glacier using lifecycle rules will incur additional charges for retrieval requests and data transfers.

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