SCS-C02 Exam Dumps - AWS Certified Security - Specialty

Enable Amazon Macie:

Amazon Macie automatically scans S3 buckets for sensitive data, such as PII, and uses managed data identifiers for efficient classification.

Configure Data Identifiers:

Use managed data identifiers for pre-configured sensitive data patterns like credit card numbers, personal information, etc.

Set Up Notifications:

Create an Amazon EventBridge rule to trigger on Macie findings.

Configure the rule to send notifications to the existing SNS topic.

Advantages:

Automated: Minimal manual intervention needed.

Efficient: Leverages Macie’s built-in capabilities to reduce implementation effort.

Amazon Macie Documentation

EventBridge Rules for Macie

This solution meets the requirement of receiving an email notification about critical findings in AWS Security Hub. Amazon EventBridge is a serverless event bus that can receive events from AWS services and third-party sources, and route them to targets based on rules and filters. Amazon SNS is a fully managed pub/sub service that can send messages to various endpoints, such as email, SMS, mobile push, and HTTP. By creating an EventBridge rule that detects critical Security Hub findings and sends them to an SNS topic, the company can leverage the existing integration between these services and avoid writing custom code or managing servers. By subscribing an email endpoint to the SNS topic, the company can receive published messages in their inbox.

Understand IMDSv2 Metrics:

IMDSv2 adds a layer of security to EC2 instance metadata by requiring a session token.

TheEC2MetadataNoTokenCloudWatch metric tracks the number of calls to IMDSv1.

Enable the IMDS Metrics:

Ensure that the EC2 instances have theDetailed Monitoringfeature enabled to publish metrics to CloudWatch.

Create a CloudWatch Dashboard:

In the CloudWatch console, create a dashboard that displays theEC2MetadataNoTokenmetric for all instances.

Verify Zero Value:

Monitor theEC2MetadataNoTokenmetric. If the value is zero for all instances, it confirms that IMDSv1 is no longer in use.

Secure Access and Validation:

Regularly monitor the dashboard to ensure no instance reverts to using IMDSv1.

Instance Metadata Service (IMDS) Documentation

CloudWatch Metrics for EC2 Instances

AWS Security Best Practices for Metadata Service

Understand the Problem:

The EC2 instance profile role has the AWS managedReadOnlyAccesspolicy.

This policy does not include permissions forkms:Decrypt, which is required to decrypt the objects encrypted with a customer-managed KMS key.

Review S3 Bucket Policy and Object Permissions:

Verify that the S3 bucket policy allows access for the IAM role associated with the EC2 instance.

Ensure that there are no conflicting bucket or object ACLs.

Addkms:DecryptPermission:

Attach an inline policy to the EC2 instance IAM role.

This policy should grantkms:Decryptaccess for the specific KMS key used to encrypt the S3 objects.

Example Inline Policy:

{

"Version": "2012-10-17",

"Statement": [

{

"Effect": "Allow",

"Action": "kms:Decrypt",

"Resource": "arn:aws:kms:::key/"

}

]

}

Test the Configuration:

Attempt to read the file from the encrypted S3 bucket to ensure that the issue is resolved.

AWS KMS Key Policies and Permissions

IAM Permissions for Using AWS KMS Keys

The possible steps to troubleshoot this issue are:

A. Ensure that the EC2 instance profile that is attached to the EC2 instances has permissions to create log streams and write logs.This is a necessary step because the CloudWatch agent uses the credentialsfrom the instance profile to communicate with CloudWatch1.

C. Check the CloudWatch agent configuration file on each EC2 instance to make sure that the CloudWatch agent is collecting the proper log files.This is a necessary step because the CloudWatch agent needs to know which logfiles to monitor and send to CloudWatch2.

D. Check the VPC endpoint policies of both VPC endpoints to ensure that the EC2 instances have permissions to use them.This is a necessary step because the VPC endpoint policies control which principals can access the AWS services through the endpoints3.

The other options are incorrect because:

B. Creating a metric filter on the logs is not a troubleshooting step, but a way to extract metric data from the logs. Metric filters do not affect the visibility of the logs in the AWS Management Console.

E. Creating a NAT gateway in the subnet is not a solution, because the EC2 instances do not need internet access to communicate with CloudWatch through the VPC endpoints.A NAT gateway would also incur additional costs.

F. Ensuring that the security groups allow all the EC2 instances to communicate with each other is not a necessary step, because the CloudWatch agent does not require log aggregation before sending. Each EC2 instance can send its own logs independently to CloudWatch.

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cognito/latest/developerguide/user-pool-lambda-post-authentication.html