CTFL-Foundation Exam Dumps - ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level

Incremental testing approaches involve testing components of the software in increments or steps, allowing for integration and testing of parts of the system progressively. According to the ISTQB CTFL Syllabus, version 4.0, the common types of incremental testing approaches include:

Top-down: Testing starts from the top of the module hierarchy and progresses downwards.

Bottom-up: Testing begins with the lower-level modules and progresses upwards.

Functional incrementation: Adding and testing one function at a time.

Big-bang testing, however, is not an incremental approach. In big-bang testing, all components or modules are integrated simultaneously, and the system is tested as a whole. This approach does not allow for incremental testing and integration and is therefore not considered a type of incremental testing approach​​.

Test planning involves defining the overall approach to testing and assigning resources. According to the ISTQB CTFL syllabus v4.0, the activities that form part of test planning include determining the scope, approach, resources, and schedule of testing activities. Developing test cases, building the test environment, and writing test conditions are activities that belong to the later phases of the testing process, such as test design and implementation​​.

The typical order of testing phases starts with unit testing, where individual components are tested in isolation. This is followed by system testing, where the integrated system is tested as a whole. Acceptance testing is then conducted to ensure the system meets the business requirements and is ready for deployment. Finally, maintenance testing is performed after the system is in production to ensure it continues to function correctly and to address any issues that arise.

The test process can start as soon as the software requirements have been approved. The ISTQB CTFL syllabus v4.0 emphasizes that early involvement of testing helps in identifying defects early in the lifecycle, which includes the validation of requirements and planning of testing activities based on those requirements​​.

Reporting discrepancies as incidents is part of the Test Implementation and Execution phase. During this phase, any deviations from expected results, bugs, or issues discovered are logged as incidents. These incidents are then managed and tracked until they are resolved. This phase is crucial for identifying and documenting problems that occur during the testing process​​.

Developing a test strategy or test approach often involves using a failure-based approach and a model-based approach. The failure-based approach focuses on anticipating potential failures and designing tests to expose these failures. The model-based approach uses models of the system’s behavior or structure to design test cases systematically. These approaches help in creating a robust and comprehensive test strategy. Reference: ISTQB CTFL Syllabus V4.0, Section 5.2.2​​.

The tasks of a tester typically include preparing and acquiring test data, implementing tests on all levels, executing and logging the tests, and creating test specifications. Interaction with the testtool vendor is generally not a primary task for testers but rather for test managers or tool specialists. The ISTQB CTFL Syllabus outlines these roles and responsibilities, emphasizing the technical tasks testers perform to ensure thorough testing and documentation​​.

For reviewing safety-critical components in a software project, the most adequate review types are Inspections and Technical Reviews. Inspections are a formal review technique with a well-defined process that includes thorough preparation, examination, and documentation, making them suitable for critical components. Technical Reviews involve a detailed examination of the technical aspects of the software and are conducted by experts, which ensures that any potential issues are identified and addressed early.