H12-811_V1.0 Exam Dumps - HCIA-Datacom V1.0 Exam

In Huawei’s VRP, the default preference value for OSPF routes is generally 10, but this value can be adjusted based on configuration requirements. Therefore, it is not necessarily always set to 10, as network administrators may alter the preference to prioritize different routes. This flexibility allows customization based on the network's specific routing needs​.

Tracert (Traceroute) works by sending packets with progressively higher TTL (Time-to-Live) values, causing them to expire at each router along the path. When TTL expires, the router sends back an ICMP "Time Exceeded" message, which includes the source IP address of that router. This allows Tracert to record the IP addresses of each router on the path to the destination​.

Detailed Explanation:Layer 2 switches operate at the data link layer, handling frames based on MAC addresses. They maintain a MAC address table to record mappings between MAC addresses and interfaces, allowing efficient frame forwarding within the local network. (Reference: HCIA-Datacom Training Material, Layer 2 Switching and MAC Address Learning)

The root path cost is calculated by summing the costs of each port on the path from the root bridge to the receiving port. In this case, assuming each link has a cost of 200, the total cost to reach the root from the indicated port would be 600, reflecting three hops from the root bridge​.